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一季度就业“温暖开局” 登记失业率创近年新低

2017-04-26 10:17:00   经济参考报

助力 制造业房地产业用人需求增长

经济的持续发展是稳定和扩大就业的重要基础。专家认为,从宏观经济层面看,固定资产投资、进出口总值、中国制造业采购经理指数等与就业密切相关的数据也好于预期,这些都对就业产生了很强的拉动作用。

数据显示,一季度制造业用工企稳,用工需求同比增长9.3%,高于总需求增速1.5个百分点。人社部对五万多家企业岗位监测数据显示,2、3月份,制造业岗位数量连续增长,增幅超过岗位总增幅的一倍以上。据国家统计局调查,3月份制造业的PMI中的从业人员指数为50.0,这是58个月以来首次站上荣枯线。

与2016年第四季度相比,用人需求增长幅度较大的行业有:农林牧渔业(48.4%)、房地产业(39.4%)、制造业(38.3%)、住宿和餐饮业(38.1%)、居民服务和其他服务业(34.1%)、建筑业(27.7%)等。

中国人民大学中国就业研究所与智联招聘发布的中国就业市场景气指数显示,今年一季度地产行业在三线城市用工需求增幅明显。报告认为,2016年第二季度后,全国主要大中型城市房价上涨较快,多地限购政策的出台,会给就业市场带来一定的“信号效应”,由此带动房地产等行业的就业需求上涨,也促进了就业形势的持续趋好。

与此同时,新经济、新业态正为中部和东北地区发展提供助力。人社部数据显示,今年一季度中部地区市场用人需求和求职人数分别增加了52.9万人和42.4万人,分别增长了44%和40.6%,高于其他地区。上述报告认为,2016年以来,一批新技术、新产业、新业态在中部地区不断涌现,逐步成为经济增长的新引擎。例如去年,湖北省装备制造业、高新技术产业;湖南积极对接“中国制造2025”,战略性新兴产业增长10%。

中国劳动保障科学研究院院长刘燕斌表示:“中国经济正处于转型升级过程中,新旧动能的接续与新旧业态的更替必然伴随劳动力需求结构的改变。就业工作应顺应并服务于中国经济转型升级这个主线,以求人力资源供求更加匹配,最终实现人尽其才。”

人社部劳动科学研究所所长郑东亮表示,完善多元化就业体系,既是为了满足不同层次人群的就业需要,又着力于开发更多的高端岗位;在发展新兴产业的同时不能放弃传统产业;对于传统产业要进行绿色改造,让传统产业焕发活力,继续吸纳劳动力。要引导东部地区产业向中西部和东北地区有序转移,意在推动区域的协调发展,保持劳动密集型产业的发展,化解一些就业困难地区的就业压力。

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