新闻 > 经济
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China

国有企业改革需要有进有退

2017-04-24 17:57:33   经济参考报

我们是市场经济体制,需要有国有经济的一般性存在空间:第一,市场失灵领域,国有经济必须主体性存在,即必须提供公共产品。也可能与非国有资本联合提供,但是只能是国有资产为主体;第二,一些自然垄断行业,虽然产品不是公共物品性质,但是,国有资本垄断有经济上的相对优势,国有资本以国有垄断企业形式存在,也可能吸收非国有资本参加,国有控股。

但是我们的国有经济存在空间不能以此为限,应该扩大。第一部分的背景三提醒我们:中国现在需要国有经济在一些竞争领域存在,国家需要有更多的经济控制力。因为中国作为发展中大国、人口最多的国家,面临经济、政治、军事等众多国际挑战。古今中外经验说明:任何一个国家处于这种情况下,都应该和必须加强对经济控制力。现代市场经济国家代表美国、英国、法国、德国、日本等都是如此,前苏联也是如此。因此,中国在现阶段,在关系国计民生的材料、装备制造、金融、信息、能源等竞争性领域,国有经济需要有足够的存在。这些领域,虽然国有资本要控股,但是,也必须完全按市场规则运行。

国有经济现阶段如此定位符合十五届四中全会的决定:“国有经济需要控制的行业和领域主要包括:涉及国家安全的行业,自然垄断的行业,提供重要公共产品和服务的行业,以及支柱产业和高新技术产业中的重要骨干企业。”

总之,中国现阶段,国有经济的存在,不能走向两个极端:一是不能信奉所谓标准自由主义经济学,认为国有经济仅仅需要存在于市场失灵领域。极端自由主义经济学甚至认为市场失灵都不存在,国有经济不需要存在;另一个极端就是夸大国有经济的功能和存在空间,甚至否认市场经济体制的一般特征和要求。

至于国有经济的总量、比例及其变动是否合理,要具体分析。改革开放以来国有经济总量、比例一直是变动的,这种变动有时是合理的,不一定能说明国有经济绝对量和相对量是否合理。如果有必要,总量大一点、比例高一点也是合理的。如果没有必要,可能相对较低的比例和较小的量仍然可以视为不合理。关键是看结构、布局、控制力及其对其它所有制经济的影响的性质和力度。

促进民营经济发展

保持经济发展动力

从20世纪90年代开始,就有国有企业“抓大放小”和垄断行业“主辅分离”的改革和相应的国有资产退出。目前的国企改革,可以吸取那时的经验和教训,结合现在的情况有所创新,因为现在的资本市场等方面的条件与当时有了很大不同。现在的企业国有资产,依据企业性质(独资、控股或参股)的不同可以在资本市场交易等。当时的问题主要出在“管理层收购”,现在应该不允许这种方式。在国企改革的过程中,既要避免一些有某种权力或便利或“关系”的人借机发国有资产“退出财”,又要服从市场定价原则和损失最小化原则,正确理解“国有资产流失”。有些地方尝试把一部分企业国有资产所有权直接划转到社保基金理事会,这笔资产没有进入社保基金,只是分红收益进入基金,由理事会和国资委分别派代表国有资产的董事进入经营性企业。笔者以为,如果把部分国有资产出让后所得资金直接入社保基金,是合理和可取的,是真正一举两得的改革。

我们要从保增长动力、防资本外流和提高国有经济效率和控制力等多维度认识国企改革的战略意义。

向改革要红利、要增长的动力,实际上很大程度上是通过国有企业的改革和国有经济的结构调整来获得。1988年以前的改革是增量改革,即允许私有经济发展和国有企业的承包制为主的改革推动经济增长的,1989年至1991年增长速度下滑与民营经济增长乏力相关。1992年开始,又是通过国有企业抓大放小、垄断行业主辅分离、推动现代企业制度建设,使得民营经济获得巨大空间而推动经济获得长期高速增长的。2008年危机以来,前几年靠着各级政府的投资支撑,使得经济保持了几年继续增长,使得危机滞后了几年出现。目前的经济增长速度下滑固然与世界性危机和中国经济进入新常态有关,但是,与近十年来民营经济发展空间缩小、没有获得应有的扩大有关,尤其是近几年民营资本投资积极性明显下降有关。因此,给予民营资本发展的空间和积极促进民营经济的发展是保持经济持续增长的重要动力。(作者系山东大学经济研究院院长 黄少安)

上一页3/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11155042/20170424/30454363_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/06 11:12:34

Powered by China
China