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学者:我国国企改革需要有进有退科学定位

2017-04-24 01:45:56   经济参考报

原标题:国有企业改革需要有进有退

●中国现在需要国有经济在一些竞争领域存在,国家需要有更多的经济控制力。因为中国作为发展中大国、人口最多的国家,面临经济、政治、军事等众多国际挑战。古今中外经验说明:任何一个国家处于这种情况下,都应该和必须加强对经济控制力。

●中国在现阶段,在关系国计民生的材料、装备制造、金融、信息、能源等竞争性领域,国有经济需要有足够的存在。这些领域,虽然国有资本要控股,但是,也必须完全按市场规则运行。

●目前的经济增长速度下滑固然与世界性危机和中国经济进入新常态有关,但是,与近十年来民营经济发展空间缩小、没有获得应有的扩大有关。

深化国有企业的改革是现阶段深化经济体制改革的核心,因为它关系中国经济基础和巨量资产的经营效率。尽管中央的改革决心很大,但是,改革的难度和阻力似乎不亚于改革的决心。我们必须理性地、深刻地认识中国经济社会发展所处的阶段及其所决定的国有经济的地位。这是国有企业改革的认识论基础和现实背景。否则,将无法确定国有企业改革的方向、内容、重点和难点,也无法正确选择改革的方法和措施。

国有企业改革的现实背景

背景一:现在处于“多期叠加”阶段。

20世纪80年代开始改革开放,标志着中国进入加速工业化和由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨的阶段。从小的阶段划分,以2007年世界性经济危机为标志,中国经济社会发展进入了一个新的阶段。这一阶段对于世界许多国家来说,可能只是新一轮经济周期波动的危机和萧条期,即经济增长低谷期和经济结构调整期,而对中国来说,是所谓的“几期叠加”:第一,与世界经济周期波动一致的经济增长低谷期(尽管危机到来后的前几年我们极力反周期保持了增长的高速,但是后几年还是规律性的增长速度下滑);第二,中国经济长期高速增长后,进入“新常态”和增长速度换挡期;第三,进入了与世界经济危机一致的强制性、被动性、阵痛性调整期,也是作为发展中大国经济增长和社会发展到中等收入阶段后产业结构的主动性重大调整期;第四,前几年为了保增长所实施的强刺激经济增长政策的消化和调整期。可谓“多期叠加”,情况非常复杂,很容易造成认识和判断失误。

背景二:中国现在还没有走出经济危机。

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