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三大板块减税效果明显(政策解读·聚焦)

2016-12-30 11:15:51   

首先是由于消除了重复征税,有效降低了分工细化过程中的税收成本,促进专业化分工、拉长产业链,催生新技术、新产业、新业态、新商业模式,孕育了新动能、涵养了新税源。今年5—11月份,仅新增试点的四大行业新办企业户数就累计增加58万户,每个月平均有8万多户。

其次,由于打通了二三产业的抵扣链条,制造业企业外购服务、不动产等支付的增值税都可以抵扣,在拉动服务业发展的同时,也促进了制造业转型升级,实现了服务业与制造业互促共进,推动了新旧动能接续转换。根据国家统计局公布的数据,今年5—11月份,全国规模以上工业企业利润总额同比增幅由6.4%上升到9.4%。

第三,增值税替代营业税后,消除了以往企业因增值税和营业税并存导致的经营行为扭曲问题,为公平竞争创造了良好的税制环境。在增值税抵扣机制的作用下,企业为了实现充分抵扣和充分利用税制安排的有利条件,会更加注重经营管理规范,减少暗箱操作,积聚发展的内生动力。

随着改革的不断深化,我相信,营改增对培育经济发展新动能,会起到更加有力的推动作用。

个别企业税负增加问题将逐步缓解

记者:全面推开营改增试点后,也有企业反映税负没降反增了,您如何看待这个问题?

肖捷:全面推开营改增试点的首要目标,是确保所有行业税负只减不增,这个目标是可以实现的。在试点过程中,财税部门也确实听到有企业反映税负上升问题。从目前掌握的税收征管数据分析,约有1.5%的纳税人出现了税负不同程度上升的情况。

这些企业税负上升,其原因是多方面的。比如,增值税对新试点的纳税人来讲是一个全新的税种,财税部门虽然前期做了大量宣传解读和培训工作,但是由于纳税人数量众多、业务类型丰富,也存在工作没有完全到位、政策细节不明确的问题;再如,有的企业对试点政策的理解不深入,对制度规定可以抵扣、免税的政策没有用足,还有的企业是受经营周期影响,进项税额在某个时段偏少或没有,导致税收负担增加;另外,也有的企业由于市场不景气,销售价格低迷,税负不能顺价转出,出现阶段性税负上升。

对此,财税部门高度重视,将继续加大政策宣传和辅导力度,进一步优化纳税服务,帮助企业将政策用好用足,使更多的企业在改革中受益,享受改革红利。企业也要创新完善自身经营管理模式,主动适应税制转换的新要求。随着整个经济形势缓中趋稳、稳中向好,积极因素的不断积累,税负增加问题将会逐步缓解。

最终目标是建立现代增值税制

记者:营改增试点已经全面推开,试点什么时候结束,下一步有何考虑?

肖捷:全面推开营改增试点,是增值税改革取得的重要阶段性成果,也是规范我国流转税制走出的关键一步。增值税改革的最终目标,是要建立现代增值税制。

全面推开营改增试点,实现了对货物和劳务征税范围的全覆盖,结束了在我国已经具有66年历史的营业税,但就增值税本身而言,还有很多地方需要完善。比如,与世界其他实行增值税的国家相比,我国的标准税率虽然不算高,但税率档次过多,也存在税收优惠政策碎片化等问题。

下一步,我们将在全面总结评估试点工作的基础上,对增值税制度作进一步完善,更好地发挥增值税的独特功能,为下一步试点结束后贯彻税收法定原则,启动增值税立法创造有利条件。


  《 人民日报 》( 2016年12月30日 02 版) (责编:杨迪、夏晓伦)

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