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经济缓中趋稳 供给侧改革成效显现

2016-12-30 11:13:35   

3.供给侧改革效果继续显现

“三去一降一补”继续取得新成效。(1)去产能继续,工业产品持续去库存。2016年4-10月,工业产品库存连续七个月同比负增长,这是2009年11月份以来首次出现。其中6月份工业品库存同比降幅达到负1.9%个百分点,库存达到低位后,出现补库存,2016年11月份产品库存同比回升0.5%。(2)工业企业去杠杆。11月末规模以上工业企业资产负债率56.14%,比去年同期回落0.5个百分点。(3)房地产去库存。商品房待售面积连续6个月减少,11月末比10月末减少427万平方米,1-11月份累计减少超过2758万平方米。(4)工业企业降成本。1-11月份规模以上工业企业每百元主营业务收入中的成本为85.85元,比上年同期减少0.23元。财务费用累计下降5.8%,其中利息支出累计下降7.8%。(5)补短板与稳增长相结合,效果显著。1-11月份,基础设施投资增长18.9%,占全部投资的比重为19.7%,比去年同期提高1.8个百分点,为全部投资增速回稳发挥了重要支撑作用。

4.供给侧改革推动PPI同比大幅回升,并带动工业企业利润指标出现局部改善

去产能导致上游初级产品价格大幅回升,PPI降幅持续收窄。2016年PPI环比持续正增长的态势拉动PPI同比指标从2015年12月的-5.9%连续回升,9月PPI同比涨幅回升至0.1%,结束了持续54个月的负增长,扭转了2015年的结构性通货紧缩预期。2016年11月PPI同比上涨3.3%,环比上涨1.5%。

年初以来,工业企业各月利润均保持增长,改变了2015年利润下降局面,1-11月份,全国规模以上工业企业实现利润总额60334.1亿元,同比增长9.4%,增速比1-10月份加快0.8个百分点。PPI快速回升支撑利润改善,行业间利润分化。PPI和PPIRM(滞后6月)的增速差在11月从5.6%跳升至7.1%,工业生产保持稳定,PPI回升仍旧是支撑利润改善的主要因素。从产业链看,利润大幅回升的行业集中于煤炭开采和洗选业、石油加工、炼焦和核燃料加工业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业,有色金属冶炼和压延加工业等中上游行业。

5.房地产投资回升对稳增长具有积极作用

2016年中央和地方政府相继推出了一系列鼓励房地产消费的政策,房地产市场通过销售增长带动房价上涨,进而推动房地产投资、开工面积、土地购置面积、地方政府卖地收入增加,对稳投资产生了积极作用。(1)1-11月全国商品房销售面积13.58亿平方米,同比增长24.3%,其中住宅销售面积增长24.5%。11月末,全国商品房待售面积6.9亿平方米,比去年12月底减少275.8万平方米。全国商品房销售额10.25万亿元,同比增长37.5%,其中住宅销售额增长39.3%。(2)1-11月份,全国房地产开发投资9.3万亿元,同比增长6.5%,比上年同期加快5.2个百分点。其中,住宅投资增长4.8%。房屋新开工面积15.1亿平方米,同比增长7.6%,其中住宅新开工面积10.5亿平方米,增长7.9%。(3)房地产开发企业土地购置面积1.9亿平方米,同比下降4.3%;土地成交价款7777亿元,增长21.4%。(4)1-11月份,房地产开发企业到位资金12.9万亿元,同比增长15.0%。(5)1-11月累计,国有土地使用权出让收入30979亿元,同比增长19.1%;国有土地使用权出让收入相关支出29780亿元,同比增长12.6%,扭转了2015年大幅负增长的局面。(6)2016年前三季度房地产业对GDP的贡献率达到8.02%,拉动GDP增长0.5个点,建筑业拉动GDP增长0.4个点。

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