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新优势有望助力 外贸增速转正

2016-12-29 11:03:34   

原标题:新优势有望助力 外贸增速转正

本周召开的全国商务工作会议并未对明年的外贸增速设定量化目标,这体现了外贸工作摆脱“速度”情结,更加注重外贸结构调整和转型升级的思路。这一思路正是出于对我国当前外贸形势辩证而全面的分析判断。

当前对外贸易的形势好还是不好?从增速来看,2016年前11个月,按美元计价我国进出口下降6.9%,其中出口下降了7.5%,高于去年同期。这是改革开放以来,外贸第一次连续两年下降。尽管这主要是外部经济贸易环境造成的,但的确反映了当前外贸面临的严峻挑战。

不过,在巨大压力面前,2016年前三季度,外贸结构调整的效果继续显现,新优势取代传统优势的势头已经形成。

一是一般贸易状况始终好于加工贸易。一般贸易降幅继续低于外贸总额降幅,一般贸易的比重已超过55%,并且每年提高约两个百分点。由于商品结构与贸易方式结构有较大关联性,一般贸易更有利于自主创新,所以创新性产品、自主品牌产品和高附加值产品出口表现也继续好于其他产品。

二是民营企业进出口降幅大大低于国有企业和外资企业进出口降幅。民营企业出口增长1.6%,占外贸出口总额的比重已经达到47%,超过外资企业,而且每年提高约两个百分点,“十三五”期间将很快上升到占我国外贸出口总额的半壁江山。

三是调结构领先一步的沿海外贸大省(市)降幅明显收窄。例如,广东省外贸2014年先于其他省(市、区)下降,而今年其降幅已经低于外贸总额降幅1.6个百分点。在占我国外贸总额72.2%的沿海六个大省(市)中,除外资占比较大的江苏以外,其他五个大省(市)外贸下降幅度都显著低于外贸总额降幅。

也就是说,外贸结构正处于调整和优化阶段,外贸新优势或新增长点在逐渐占上风,未来稳增长的基础将会越来越牢固。从这个意义上讲,我国外贸形势正在逐步转好。

那么,“十三五”期间,我国进出口能否保持增长?

这要从两方面进行分析。一方面,不可否认,制约我国外贸规模增长的因素依然存在,但也需要看到我国外贸内生动力正在逐渐加强:无论投资品还是消费品进口、服务贸易进出口都有着巨大的提升空间和增长潜力。

经济全球化深层次矛盾的解决将有一个过程,但不会发生根本逆转。在世界经济的深度调整中,全球价值链和供应链也会出现一定变化,欧美跨国企业可能相对收缩,东亚地区则可能更积极布局。中国有优势的企业积极走出去投资和贸易,有可能在做大经济全球化蛋糕的同时,赢得更大市场份额。

如果考虑到未来四年全球化的深刻调整能带来一定积极变化,我国外贸结构将进一步优化,比如,一般贸易占比可能比现在扩大5至8个百分点,民营企业占比比现在扩大6至10个百分点,有更多创新和新优势含量的中高品质产品、装备类出口产品占比持续提高,沿海外贸大省继续保持向好、回稳和新优势全国领先的势头,“一带一路”建设和对外投资将取得新的进展,服务贸易继续以年均10%或以上速度增长,那么“十三五”期间中国货物贸易仍有较大可能实现与GDP同步增长。

随着世界经济在调整中持续复苏,“十三五”后三年中国外贸有望转降为升,结构将进一步优化,增长的质量和效益将进一步提高,在更高层次上参与国际分工和竞争的能力将进一步增强。

(作者单位:商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院)

(责编:孙博洋、夏晓伦)

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