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聚焦年终奖:多行业年终奖缩水 高薪行业跌下神坛

2016-12-30 10:55:37   

记者点评:

平衡效率与公平诉求

每到年底“晒红包”,不同行业间巨大的收入差距常常令公众哗然。一些大学生在就业季常常调侃自己:“今日找工作流的泪,都是当年填志愿时脑子进的水。”

如此“扎眼”的工资差距是否合理呢?工资是市场、企业、劳动者等各市场主体多次博弈的结果,是在市场多次交换中逐步形成的。作为调节各行业间人才流动的无形之手,由劳动力市场供求、人力资本投入、用人单位效益、劳动数量和质量决定的工资收入水平具有一定的合理性,体现人力资本的效率诉求。可是,由行业类别、企业性质、员工身份等造成的收入差距,就不那么让人心平气顺。我们尊重市场之手对财富的首次分配,也期望政府的有形之手通过继续深化收入分配改革,理顺行业、企业的薪酬机制;通过充分发挥再分配的作用,多发财政“红包”,在保证效率的同时,兼顾公平。尤其要针对高收入的非市场竞争因素,进一步打破行业垄断,以合理的行业薪酬比例为指引,从根本上解决某些行业凭垄断优势获得高收益进而转化为职工高工资的问题。

■延伸阅读

“年终奖”小贴士

◆年终奖是必须发的吗?

答:我国的法律法规并没有要求用人单位发放年终奖的具体规定。因此,发不发年终奖,最终还是根据用人单位的规章制度或者劳动合同规定。

◆年终奖何时发?

答:每个企业根据实际情况进行发放。一般企业的年终奖是跟随1月的工资发放,也有企业会把年终奖作为员工的春节过节费,在春节放假前发放,还有企业为了防止员工年后跳槽,把年终奖拖到3—4月份后再发。

◆年终奖和13薪有区别吗?

答:有些企业,尤其是外企,采用13薪或14薪的方式奖励员工,即按照员工的平均月收入在年底多发1—2个月(也可能更多)的工资作为奖励。

13薪与年终奖不同,与月薪性质相同,属于固定发放,发放的时间、数额、方式都是固定的,按照月工资计算个税。而年终奖则可能由于企业效益、集体及个人绩效等原因,发放数额、时间各有不同,同时年终奖需要平摊到12个月后计算个税。

◆每个人都应该有年终奖吗?

答:由各家公司实际情况决定。如果劳动合同中明确约定年终奖属于劳动报酬的一部分,或者用人单位将发放年终奖写在公司规章制度中,那么用人单位就不能随意扣发员工的年终奖。同时,提前离职和新入职员工,按照同工同酬原则,应当按比例发放年终奖。

(闵 笙)

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