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我国管理会计发展进入实质阶段 企业改革步伐加快

2016-12-28 11:10:14   

助力企业转型升级 我国管理会计应用已有成功探索

“通过对管理会计的应用,发现浪费、消灭浪费、发现价值、创造价值,集团经营业绩逐年攀升。”李守武介绍,兵装集团从2012年开始进行管理会计体系建设,从实践上看,4年累计为集团创造价值181亿元。发展的质量和效益显著提高,管理会计在其中起到了显著的推动作用。

虽然管理会计系统理论引入我国较晚,但有关管理会计理念在我国单位的实践却早已有之,也不乏成功探索和有益尝试。如,新中国成立之初,以成本为核心的内部责任会计等;进入90年代后,河北邯郸钢铁公司实行的“模拟市场,成本否决”被称为成本管理在我国企业应用的典范……

如今,战略地图、作业成本法、平衡记分卡等先进的管理工具方法陆续在我国单位中运用,应用水平也在不断提高。

“管理会计应用指引正式印发后,将对企业完善现代企业制度,实现管理提升将起到重要推动作用。”李守武认为,应用指引通过为企业提供系列化管理会计工具方法,让企业可“照单抓药”,因地制宜的改进自身管理短板,提升管理水平和价值创造能力。

刘光运介绍称,1999年,国家对航空工业管理体制进行了深度改革,由原来的工业部门、行政性总公司改组为自主经营、自负盈亏的现代企业集团,这要求企业的营运管理、商业模式必须与市场经济对接,必须引进和推广已被市场经济证明行之有效的管理工具和方法。

面对这一情况,集团开展了财务会计管理五大体系建设,并针对企事业单位业态多样、规模不一的实际情况,采用不同的考核指标和计量标准。目前,相关职能部门通力合作,在全集团范围内陆续推出了流程再造、精益六西格玛、矩阵式管理、综合平衡计分卡、AOS等,探索出一条具有自身特色的财务会计管理工作道路。

作为一位财务部门的负责人,刘光运认为,财政部应用指引征求意见稿提出的一整套工具方法,对国内外研究成果兼收并蓄,简明扼要,条理清晰,便于理解。同时,着眼于单位内部需要,符合中国人的思维和惯常做法,可以为现代企业规范管理制度提供有益指导。

加强管理会计人才培养 确保指引实现落地

专家指出,管理会计要在我国得到更好地推广和应用,最大的难点在于企业制度与员工素质是否匹配。只有大力加强培训,提升会计人员的能力和素质,并通过对更多实践案例的总结、提炼和推广,让广大会计人员看得见、摸得着,才能使管理会计在现实商业环境中得到应用和实践。

李守武建议,企业应该多渠道、多方式的培养管理会计实践人才队伍。他表示,管理会计应用指引在企业的实践,需要既懂业务又懂管理的专业化、复合型人才,从而对以财务会计为主的财会队伍结构提出挑战。

刘光运则认为,企业运用管理会计,一是要有文化基础,既要建立群众基础,又要取得高管层的共识,形成良好的管理习惯和文化。二是要有制度保证,将管理会计应用指引的要义镶嵌到制度中。三是要有组织保证,要有专岗或专责负责此事,否则,理念、原则都无法落地。

“管理会计的推广应用不仅仅是会计的事,也不仅仅是财务的事,更多的是体现在其他职能部门的协同推动上,尤其是企业高管层的重视上。”刘光运表示,因此,建议在相关会计类考试中要进一步增加管理会计的内容,在高管培训班上要增加管理会计课程,在会计领军人才(后备)的选拔上要有管理会计的阅历,甚至可以推动管理会计进干部学院、进行政学院、进党校。

(责编:杨曦、杨迪)

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