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近日,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于深入推进经济发达镇行政管理体制改革的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》)。《指导意见》出台的背景意义何在,将在哪些方面推进经济发达镇行政管理体制改革?就此,中央编办负责人回答了记者提出的问题。
问:请介绍一下《指导意见》出台的背景。
答:改革开放以来,各地陆续出现了一批人口和经济规模特别大的镇,有的达到甚至超过中等城市规模,但普遍面临着“小马拉大车”、行政管理体制不适应发展需要的问题。与此同时,中西部地区也有一些镇发展基础较好,占所在县域经济比重很高,发展潜力很大,但政府功能不完善、权责不对等、公共服务薄弱等问题突出,制约了其进一步发展。2010年4月,经报中央编委批准,中央编办会同中央农办、发展改革委、公安部、民政部、财政部在15个省份确定了29个经济发达镇进行行政管理体制改革试点,部分省份也自行确定了一些镇开展试点。经过5年多改革实践,初步破解了这些镇面临的体制机制障碍,为探索和创新新型城镇化行政管理体制提供了可借鉴的有益经验。今年以来,为贯彻落实党的十八届三中全会提出的“对吸纳人口多、经济实力强的镇,可赋予同人口和经济规模相适应的管理权”精神,中央编办会同有关部门起草了《指导意见》,经中央全面深化改革领导小组审议通过后,以中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅名义印发,对这项改革作出安排部署。
问:起草《指导意见》主要政策考虑有哪些?
答:在研究起草《指导意见》过程中,着重把握了4点:一是全面贯彻落实党的十八大和历次全会精神,立足新型城镇化和“三农”工作全局,统筹研究有关改革措施,增强经济发达镇发展内生动力,发挥其对周边的辐射带动作用。二是充分借鉴前期改革试点成果,对试点中形成的可复制可推广经验进行了全面梳理、总结和吸收,增强《指导意见》的实践性和可操作性。三是坚持正确改革方向,在不改变经济发达镇基层政权定位和不大量增加人员编制的前提下,通过扩大管理权限、创新体制机制,解决城镇化发展过程中面临的行政体制问题。四是充分考虑东中西部地区差异,因地制宜确定经济发达镇认定标准和改革重点,由省级党委政府根据《指导意见》精神,统筹研究推进改革。
问:经济发达镇如何认定?
答:总的看,经济发达镇具有吸纳人口多、经济实力强、二三产业发达、城镇基础设施和公共服务设施发展较快等特征,在很多方面具备小城市的形态和规模。从其所处地域特征看,一般可分为两种情况:一是城关镇和城区镇,多数已被纳入现有的城市规划建设范围,其行政体制改革需要与所在县(市、区、旗)政府和城市政府统筹研究推进。二是一般意义上的“中心镇”,其城镇规划建设自成体系,是县域经济新的增长极,对周边乡镇和农村辐射带动作用强,是推进改革的重点。考虑到东中西部地区情况存在一定差异,为了给各地提供指导和遵循,《指导意见》区分情况对经济发达镇明确了指导性标准,由省级党委政府结合实际研究制定具体认定程序和标准,严格把关,规范审批。
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