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揭秘中国成为世贸组织核心成员国历程

2016-12-27 11:11:18   

中国经济周刊》:加入世贸组织后,中国的角色经历了怎样的变化?是怎么成为核心成员国的?

孙振宇:中国刚加入的时候,作为新成员,有一个学习规则、熟悉规则的过程。我们经常参加发展中国家召集的一些会议,在很多议题上牵头的都是印度、巴西等发展中国家,我们更多是一起参与讨论,提一些建议。后来过了两三年,成立了G20集团,巴西牵头,中国和印度、阿根廷等都是核心成员。我们一开始单独建议提的比较少,但是后来提的就比较多了,前后参与提议100多项,包括农业、非农、服务贸易等领域。

WTO谈判很多小范围的会比较多,有时候召集十几二十几个成员国,有时候是5个或者7个成员国,这些成员就得具有代表性。到了2005年、2006年的时候,七方或者五方参加的会,都有中国,完全就进入核心圈了。以前最有话语权的,基本上就是美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大,现在任何重大决定,都少不了美国、欧盟、中国、印度、巴西这些核心国家。

《中国经济周刊》:随着全球化的发展,WTO 的作用似乎没有以前那么明显了?

孙振宇:现在WTO处于一个低潮,主要是因为多哈回合谈判2008年就基本上受阻停滞了。一方面这和WTO本身的决策机制有关系,一揽子20多个议题都达成一致才算通过,所有成员国都得统一,不能有一个反对。这很难形成统一意见,没有效率。另外一方面,2008年以后,美国政府换届,同时遭遇金融危机,它开始搞区域战略,多边合作投入的少了。

尽管如此,但WTO还是在正常运转。贸易政策审议、争端解决方面,还是取得了相当大的成绩。大家以为WTO瘫痪了,主要是因为多哈回合谈判受阻。但实际上,WTO在谈判方面有一定的突破,尤其是在巴厘岛贸易便利化协议,涉及一万亿美元,可以创造1200万就业机会。但是达成协议后,需要三分之二的成员国批准才能生效,这就需要110个成员批准,现在有98个成员已经批了,离生效时间不远了。此外还有达成信息技术产品扩围协定,等等。

现在WTO成员正在讨论明年在阿根廷的贸易部长会,要把多哈回合谈判剩余的议题处理好。所以谈判的环节还在进展中。虽然最近英国脱欧,特朗普可能会加强推双边合作,但是对WTO要有充分的信心,目前它运转还是正常的,尤其中国和新兴经济体成员,都在积极维护多边贸易。

不承认中国市场经济地位实际上是涉及反倾销问题

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