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资本与产业抱团出海渐成趋势

2016-11-18 10:56:50   经济参考报

业内专家指出,大额并购的增多,说明中国企业实力有所提升,但是,由于涉及当地战略性资源或者大型企业,这也意味着更严格复杂的审批流程和更有挑战的融资,一旦失败还将付出高额的成本,因此风险将更大。

建投华科投资股份有限公司首席投资官单学提醒说,从千万到上亿不等的高额反向分手费已经逐渐成为中企海外并购中的一个常态。也就是要求如果竞标后未能取得相关的审批,或者批准不及时或者没有能力完成相关交割业务,买方都要向卖方支付高达数千万甚至上亿元的分手费。“尤其在一些高科技并购领域,卖方要求买方支付高达10%甚至20%的交易保证金,并且要把资金提前付到卖方指定的账户,同时要求支付反向分手费。”

此外,卖方往往要求买方提供整体的并购方案,而且特别看重关于资金本身的安排。要求所有的意向投资方按照卖方的版本,提供具有法律约束力的苛刻的资金证明。承诺安排以及资产负债表等林林总总的各种证明文件。

而这仅是中企出海遇到的诸多风险中的一个层面。就在不久前,中企海外并购遇阻的消息频频传来。据报道,中国化工收购瑞士先正达的项目遇阻,此前一周之内两个中资并购德国企业的案例也先后被德国政府叫停。

“海外投资当前遇到的主要问题是风险问题,我国企业驾驭国际投资环境和驾驭跨国企业的能力和水平仍然有待于提高。”商务部研究院原院长霍建国指出。

业内指出,近年来中资企业的海外并购被贴上政治化标签的案例屡见不鲜,也成为海外投资的最大外部风险。此外,并购地区的市场风险、社会风险、经营管理风险等都属于高发风险。而社会责任问题、环境问题、合规反腐问题等“非传统风险”也越来越凸显,不少中国企业因此屡屡受创,需要非常警惕。

孖士打律师行华盛顿办事处合伙人、国家安全业务组联席主席约翰·苏利文告诉《经济参考报》记者,之前媒体曝光较多的几起中企赴美投资失败的案例主要由于美国外资投资委员会(CFIUS)的审查和介入。“实际上真正需要CFIUS审批的投资案例非常少,委员会仅仅针对是否危害国家安全这一点来审核,大量的投资并购案例并不需要经过CFIUS的审批。”

在赴美投资基建方面,约翰·苏利文也给出了他的建议:“对于中国企业而言,应该巧妙地规避一些安全意义特别重大的、在公众心中非常高调的基础设施项目。我建议中国企业在筛选标的物时要根据不同情况作出选择。”记者 孙韶华

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