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用好价格杠杆推动能源变革

2016-11-16 17:04:18   经济日报

“为实现国家确定的非化石能源中长期发展目标,每年必须保持一定的可再生能源新增规模;但同时,我们也不希望行业过快发展,透支市场的接纳能力,否则不仅是投资的巨大浪费,更会影响整个产业的平稳发展,我们必须避免行业大起大落现象的发生。”国家能源局新能源与可再生能源司司长朱明也表明了电价调整的思路。

光伏风电态度不一

由于光伏成本不断下降,而且速度较快,光伏行业对此次调价普遍持有较为积极的态度。“补贴下调,对光伏企业肯定是有影响的,但这个影响的大小需要看企业接下来的应对措施。”东方日升总裁王洪告诉记者,补贴下调,会促使光伏行业的技术进步与成本降低,光伏企业优胜劣汰,整个行业会健康发展。

一些拥有先进技术、高效组件的企业愿意看到电价的下调。正信光电运营总裁王传邦说,电价下调后,公司的利润不会降低,光伏项目内部投资回报率基本上会保持在合理程度,核心竞争力会更强。面对补贴下降,集中式电站收益率降低,正信光电已提前布局并进一步扩大业务区域,农业光伏项目和家庭分布式光伏电站则是今后业务的重点。

一些企业虽然也认可电价下调不可避免,但认为下调的幅度有待商榷。晋能科技总经理杨立友说:“此次征求意见稿中的光伏上网电价下调幅度过大,光伏电站的投资回报率将明显下降”。

近年来,尽管我国风电的新增装机和累计装机都超过光伏,但光伏上网电价的下降速度却远超风电,受制于成本问题,风电尤其是成本较高的海上风电对于电价下调还存在一定压力。

“当前三北地区弃风限电严重,迫使我国风电开发往南方往内地往沿海地区转移,但是这个投资成本比三北地区高出很多。”浙江运达风电股份有限公司副总经理叶杭治说,虽然风电设备成本已经降了很多,但风电总的投资成本并没有明显降低,因为风电开发的难度加大了,在内地山区开发要修建道路、拆迁、绿化补偿,成本很难下来。“现在这个状况下,降电价不利于进一步开发风电。”

隆基股份董事长、乐叶光伏执行董事钟宝申建议,既不能让产业靠国家政策的支持来维持暴利,也不能一棒子打死,使产业失去应有的发展动力,应该是行业最优秀的前30%的企业有利可图,10%的企业盈亏平衡,以这样的方式来定扶持政策,才能使产业可持续发展。

建设有利发展的市场体系

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