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个税改革在即 个人养老账户税收抵扣已迫在眉睫

2016-10-28 07:08:53   人民网-金融频道

在美国,养老金公司就是第一大金融机构,大多是长线投资,养老金参加计划人并不因为市场波动、大的金融危机而停止缴费。《“老龄化陷阱”及其应对》课题报告显示,国际经验表明,养老资金的资产配置呈现国际化、多样化趋势,股票的配置比例在欧美国家高达60%。

对照来看,中国个人养老的痛点之一就在于,税优政策还未出台。目前,个税改革的整体方案已经提交国务院,《个人所得税法》修订草案也已上交全国人大审议。“抵扣”为此番个税改革的核心内容之一。姚余栋表示,不过,当前个税改革方案中,个人养老账户的税收抵扣并未引起太多重视。

姚余栋认为,虽然目前个税改革进展巨大,成效斐然,但下一次修改个税法的机会是2025年,如果那时候才补入第三支柱税收优惠,将会白白错失良机。

“因建立养老个人账户是较复杂系统工程,2030年才能全面实施并开始积累,而2035年中国已经进入超老龄社会,时间上就有点晚。”姚余栋表示,当前个税改革是发展中国养老体系第三支柱的重要契机。

同时,虽然目前国际上有延迟交税和直接税前抵扣两种方式,但姚余栋认为,就国内现实情况而言,税前抵扣可能是一种更好的方式,税前抵扣可以让纳税人早点吃到甜头,更有动力充实自己的个人账户。

根据他的测算,收益利率若按十年国债率加一个百分点计算,如果一个青年人自25岁开始月交1000元,65岁退休进养老账户的资产可达120万元,其中投资获得的收益占到60%;45岁的中年人月交2000元,65岁退休时为80万元,增加的投资收益在40%左右;55岁的老人若允许补交每月3000元至65岁,那么退休时资产可达40多万元,为20%的增值率。所以,早建第三支柱账户比晚建好。

同时,他认为,第三支柱个人账户的税优政策可谓“一石三鸟”:一是国家收取的个人所得税不但不会减少反而可能会增加,因为税基会更加广泛;二是个人养老账户不仅可以实现保险保障目的,也兼备家庭资产管理和配置的功能,逐渐老龄化的中国社会也亟需第三支柱的壮大;三是把第三支柱做起来,将长钱引入资本市场,可以更好地为实体经济去杠杆。

《“老龄化陷阱”及其应对》课题报告估算,如果2020年我国GDP达到100万亿元,家庭金融资产将达到200万亿元。按照家庭资产负债表的结构,30%的家庭资产将用于养老,因此养老资金规模大概60万亿元。其中,第三支柱个人账户留存的资金约为40万亿元。交给专业机构进行运营,如果配置20%进入股权融资市场,那么资金约有8万亿元。可以形成“长钱”,实现养老基金长钱和企业股权融资的期限的匹配,是企业部门去杠杆的重要驱动力。这样才能保证中国经济长期繁荣,我们的老龄生活富足美满。

不仅如此,上述报告也指出,不应将第三支柱的税收优惠视为单一的行业性政策单兵突进,而应该从改善我国养老金体系结构,实现可持续发展的大局出发,统筹考虑财政、税收、银行、基金、保险等多方面因素,做好个人养老金制度的顶层设计,才能保证相关政策落到实处,提高国民自我养老保障能力,增进国民养老保障福祉。

(责编:李海霞、李栋)

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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