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专家:中国税法从未划分中低收入和高收入标准

2016-10-25 03:24:09   新京报

中国财政科学研究院院长刘尚希表示,高收入是个相对的概念,要经过各方面共同研究才能形成科学的标准,不能拍脑袋,至少要摸清社会真实的收入情况,很多收入是隐藏的、不透明的,因此要形成一个动态的、合理的标准,不能一概而论。“高收入群体如何界定是一个复杂的问题,涉及资本所得和劳动所得征税问题,世界各国都会面临一些困难。”

“年收入12万元很难成为中高收入中的一个界限或标准,因为经过十年,达到年收入12万元的人数已经增加了非常多,而且当时定的年收入12万元只是申报制度而不是缴纳制度。”税务总局税收科学研究所所长李万甫表示,“至于是否会在修改的个税法案中设定高收入标准还很难说。”

孙钢认为,如果个税进一步改革,建立综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制度,对高收入到时可能会有一个制度上的界定,但是否会以年收入12万为标准则不一定,可能有其他的标准。

“如果一定要形成一个收入的标准,仅靠财税部门是不可能确定的,需要国务院集合各部门综合信息来确定。”孙钢说。

  未来个税的改革方向是怎样的?

据了解,我国个人所得税收入占税收总收入的比重只有6%左右,离主体税种的地位相距甚远。

“需要通过改革,建立个人所得税收入的稳定增长机制,逐步增强其主体税种的地位。”财政部和国家税务总局专家介绍了改革方向,未来将建立综合与分类相结合的税制模式,通过税制设计,合理调节社会收入分配,进一步平衡劳动所得与资本所得税负水平,适当加大对高收入者征税力度。

所谓综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制度,通常指把个人所得收入,包括工资、薪金所得、稿酬所得等11项综合在一起,然后再做分类扣除,官方提到的扣除项包括按揭贷款利息等方面。

“比如在现行3500元和三险一金基础上,今年起已在31个城市试点商业健康保险扣除政策。”专家举例说,下一步还将开展税收递延型商业养老保险试点,根据社会配套条件和征管机制的完善程度,适当增加专项附加扣除,这些都是降低中低收入群体税负的主要措施。

另外,财政部部长楼继伟在今年两会期间也谈到,简单地提高“起征点”(指扣减标准)是不公平的。“一个人的工资五千块钱日子可以过得不错,如果还要养孩子,甚至还有一个需要赡养的老人,就非常拮据。”楼继伟说,这些都比较复杂,需要健全的个人收入和财产的信息系统,需要相应地修改相关法律。

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