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专家:中国税法从未划分中低收入和高收入标准

2016-10-25 03:24:09   新京报

《意见》要求,健全包括个人所得税在内的税收体系,逐步建立综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制度,进一步减轻中等以下收入者税收负担,发挥收入调节功能,适当加大对高收入者的税收调节力度。

同时,要完善鼓励回馈社会、扶贫济困的税收政策。

  适当加大对高收入者的税收调节

有媒体报道称,按现有税制设计,年收入12万元以上被称为“高收入群体”,在个税改革短期和中期目标阶段,或将成为重点调节的人群。

上海财经大学中国公共财政研究院执行院长刘小川指出,国务院发文提到“适当加大对高收入者的税收调节力度”,并没有说明高收入就是指年收入12万以上的群体。

财政部和国家税务总局专家认为,国务院文件的主要内容是为营造激励奋发向上的公平环境,拓宽就业渠道,促进各类社会群体依靠自身努力和智慧,创造社会财富,共享发展红利,其中涉及税收政策的内容只是原则性、方向性的表述。

  个人所得税是普遍征收的一种税

中国财政科学研究院院长刘尚希表示,根据国务院文件的要求,中国以后要建立橄榄形社会,中等收入群体占大多数,低收入人群和高收入群体应该是少数。按照这种理想的社会结构来说,要不断扩大中等收入群体,要增加大家收入,普遍提高收入水平,而不是简单的显高拉低,否则会挫伤一部分人的积极性。

“我国已进入中等收入水平国家,在结构调整和经济增长中要避免陷入中等收入陷阱,其中之一就是避免收入差距过大,因此按照中央精神,要着力发挥税收调节收入分配作用,尽可能通过国家二次分配,促进经济增长和社会稳定。”财政部和国家税务总局专家表示。

据了解,现行个人所得税制为分类税制,将个人所得分为工资薪金所得等11个应税项目。2015年个税已达到8616亿元,占税收收入的比重为6.3%。“个人所得税是增值税、消费税、企业所得税之后的国内第四大税种,已成为财政收入的重要来源之一。”专家称。

“从各国的实践看,个人所得税是对国民普遍征收的一种税,不是专门对高收入者征收的富人调节税。”专家指出。

  ■ 追问

  未来是否会设立高收入标准?

“在中低收入和高收入的划分上,国际上及我国均没有法律确定的标准,税法上也从来没有确定过高收入的标准。”财政部和国家税务总局专家介绍,对此问题,将结合国际上做法和我国实际情况,统筹研究和考虑。

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