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南北车恩怨情仇:海外打价格战曾遭国务院批评

2014-11-04 08:24:22   人民网-中国经济周刊

国际十大机车制造商2013年机车营收排名

合并为避免海外恶性竞争

不过海外市场上南车北车“看上去很美”的成绩单背后却有着“互相压价、恶性竞争”的心酸故事。

由于当年的分家,只是按照地域进行区分,导致两家企业的业务架构和技术都是相似,甚至是重合的,由此埋下恶性竞争、打价格战的恶果。前述知情人士告诉《中国经济周刊》,分开后的中国南车和中国北车成为独立的企业,追求利润是很正常的。但2000年分家时,两家企业的海外业务都非常少。

据《中国经济周刊》记者了解,中国北车和中国南车2015年的销售目标在1500亿元左右,发展势头迅猛;预计到2015年,两家企业的国际业务都有望占到集团总业务的20%左右。

中国工程院院士王梦恕告诉《中国经济周刊》:“支持南北车合并,而且是早该合。”原因是“两家公司在海外搞恶性竞争,比如一家公司已经在国外一200万美元(每辆车)中标,另一家公司跑过去说我出140万美元,这是亏本价,搞得人家想为什么同类产品差价如此之大,怀疑中国的技术水平,最终放弃了中国产品。所以南车、北车整合以后,有利于高铁‘走出去'”。

据公开报道,2011年1月,土耳其机车项目招标,南北车互相压价,中国北车以几乎没有利润的价格投标,但最终订单被一家韩国公司抢走。

2013年1月,南北车一同前往南美国家阿根廷,参加其电动车组采购招标。在中国北车已经率先中标的情况下,中国南车给出了一个每辆车127万美元的报价--当时其他公司平均报价为每辆车200万美元。按业内人士的说法,这个价格是没法挣钱的。

上述知情人士告诉《中国经济周刊》,南北车海外打价格战的情况国内高层都很清楚,国务院领导也提出过严厉的批评。“南北车海外打价格战实际上对这个行业的发展不利,高铁作为我国高端装备制造业的名片受到领导人的推介,要提高中国高铁在国际市场的话语权,现阶段的合并符合发展的趋势。”该知情人士表示。

低价中标策略正逐渐成为中国高铁“走出去”绕不过去的难题,即过于依赖价格竞争,利润很低。以今年10月刚刚夺得美国波士顿地铁5.67亿美元合同的中国北车为例,其报价仅为竞争对手加拿大庞巴迪公司的一半。

与此同时,国外装备企业走向海外投资时多为一家出面竞夺,比如德国多为西门子,加拿大则是庞巴迪,法国则是阿尔斯通,业内人士认为如果南车和北车合并为一家公司,则可以增强两家企业的事先沟通,避免竞争过程的相互压价。

“中国很多高端装备产品没有多个企业来招投标,不是也发展得很好?国外同类产品也没有两家一起竞争的,不能丢中国人的人。”王梦恕同时透露,为抢占市场份额,当前很多南北车的技术干部都去搞招投标了,结果技术没人、没时间去好好钻研,还让别人渔翁得利。

上述知情人士也表示,两家企业不仅在国外互相压价,没精力搞技术,即使在国内,两家企业也不断地进行着攀比和竞争。比如现在国内城市的地铁发展很快,南北车也都在抢占地铁市场,在和地方政府的合作中,两家都不甘示弱,合并后,这样的问题将不再存在。

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