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南北车恩怨情仇:海外打价格战曾遭国务院批评

2014-11-04 08:24:22   人民网-中国经济周刊

《中国经济周刊(微博)》 记者 张璐晶 | 北京报道

乘坐京津城际列车进入北京时,在和谐号动车组上可以清楚地看到南二环左安门桥西边高耸的中国北车大厦--中国北车股份有限公司(下称“中国北车”,601299.SH)的总部;而距离它20多公里外的北京西四环边则是气派的中国南车大厦--中国南车股份有限公司(下称“中国南车”,601766.SH)的总部。

自2000年从铁道部脱离成立集团公司后,中国北车和中国南车这两家中国轨道交通车辆制造的龙虎兄弟,逐渐成为我国高铁制造实力的象征,彼此难分伯仲。

10月27日,中国北车、中国南车以及南车旗下公司时代新材(600458. SH)均发布公告称,因“拟筹划重大事项”,公司股票停牌。“公司将尽快确定是否进行上述重大事项,并于股票停牌之日起的5 个工作日内公告并复牌。”一时间,市场上纷纷传言,南北车此次停牌是在为两家公司合并做准备。

其实关于南北车要合并的消息流传已久,但此次停牌时,双方均未就合并传言作否认声明。10月30日,有知情人士向《中国经济周刊》证实,由国务院国资委主导的南北车合并已进入实质阶段。

如果现在要合并,那么14年前,本是同根生的南车北车为何要分手?如今,南车北车的合并又是为了什么?

14年前因避免垄断而分开

此次合并并不是简单的“天下大势,合久必分,分久必合”。

时光倒流到2000年,这一年是原铁道部下属5大公司统一脱钩铁道部的“重大重组年”。正是在那次重大重组中,南北车的前身,中国铁路机车车辆工业总公司(下称“中车公司”)完成了与铁道部的脱钩(编者注:另外4家与原铁道部脱钩的公司为中国土木工程集团公司、中国铁道建筑总公司、中国铁路工程总公司、中国铁道通信信号总公司)。

一位资深铁路人士告诉《中国经济周刊》,当年在出于“避免垄断、鼓励竞争”的指导思想下,2000年9月经国务院批准,中车公司又一举分拆为两家国有独资大型集团公司,也就是我们今天熟悉的中国南车集团公司和中国北方机车车辆工业集团公司。而后,2007年中国南车集团公司发起设立了中国南车;2008年中国北方机车车辆工业集团公司又发起设立了中国北车。

当初“分家”的精神是以长江为界,50%的原则,实现分家后两家实力相当的状况。可以说,南北车当年的分立门户,目的就是要构建我国机车车辆行业平等竞争的格局,促进机车车辆工业的发展。

在此后十余年的发展中,南北车的发展不负众望。

2013年年报数据显示,截至2013年末,中国北车实现营业收入972.4亿元,中国南车则为978.9亿元,接近这两家公司刚成立时收入的10倍。

日前,德国轨道交通权威机构SCI Verkehr发布的《世界铁路技术装备市场》报告显示,目前全球轨道交通装备市场的容量为1430亿欧元,2011年到2016年间的年均增长率为3.3%;目前,排名前五位的轨道交通巨头(中国北车、中国南车、加拿大庞巴迪、法国阿尔斯通、德国西门子)占有50%的市场份额,市场份额还有上升空间。

《中国经济周刊》从中国北车、中国南车获得的数据显示,两家企业2014年上半年的出口签约额总计已达45亿美元(约合276.3亿元人民币)以上。两家公司的产品已出口到超过80个国家及地区。

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