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中企出海商务部不再审 企业担心地方搞隐性审批

2014-10-21 08:16:19   人民网-中国经济周刊

“这一年发改委开始实行核准制,但是核准制并没有实际给企业带来多大便处,只是将满足金额限制的项目核准权下放到了省一级,其实只是行政垄断内部利益的一次重新分配。”该老总坦言,核准制向备案制过渡又经过了10年之久,也是行政部门间博弈和掣肘的结果。

企业担心地方搞隐性审批

不过,对于靴子落地的备案制,各方的反应也并不完全是交口称赞,部分企业界人士甚至有些担忧。

“行政部门如果是在备案过程中只扮演监督角色,这是最健康的一种,但是也很可能在执行的时候变成变相审批,就是由它来扮演确认和许可的角色,等于是行政部门可以决定企业能不能获得备案,这不仅无助于改变现状,还存在更多寻租的空间,因为本来审批还要遵守《行政许可法》,备案反而不受任何限制。”某省发改委一位不愿具名人士对《中国经济周刊》坦言。

国家行政学院决策咨询部研究员王小广也对记者直言:“据我了解,核准制向备案制转换还只是简化了一个程序,但是仍会有许多前置审批,我们在6月、7月还做过调查,有些地方,商务部取消了核准制,但别的部门并没有取消,整个系统理顺还需要很长一段时间。”

“前置审批”是指政府对企业立项时的一系列评估程序的审核。“核准制下,大多数企业的项目前期费用是有所降低的,但是环境影响评价、水资源论证、地质灾害危害性评估、水土流失评估和防洪评估等这些费用是明显增加了,大部分评审机构其实就是行政垄断的。”上海自贸区内注册的一家生物技术公司董事朱明学(化名)对《中国经济周刊》解释。

也有企业忧虑,一些地方政府未来可能通过设立扶持项目、评奖评优项目、命名挂牌项目等方式进行公共资源的政策性分配,从而将备案制变成变相审批。

在先行先试的上海自贸区内,关于备案制的讨论也将重心移到了如何监管的层面上。参与建言的复旦大学世界经济研究所研究员沈国兵告诉《中国经济周刊》,对于负面清单之外的投资项目由审批制改为备案制,政府投资准入管理是由注重事前审批转为注重事中、事后监管,政府的事前审批权力弱化,代之的是事中、事后监管能力需要强化,但这一切一定要建立全国最高标准的信用体系。

“不论外资、中资,在自贸区的经营活动必须建立信用记录和信用等级,必须构建法律体系和法治环境来强化企业自律,否则政府监管部门事中、事后的监管很难奏效。”沈国兵说。据记者了解,目前上海自贸区也在研究建设区内企业的信用体系,致力于建立一个使守法企业快速发展、不守法企业自动退出的信用环境,对备案制的试水还需要构筑一道借助市场之手的防火墙。

业界呼吁尽快出台《境外投资法》

记者在采访中了解到,迄今为止我国还没有统一和明确的《境外投资法》,无法以法律的形式统一和规范对国有企业、民营、私营和合资企业及其他投资主体境外投资的标准、审批程序和管理办法,事后监督机制也处于真空期。

另一方面,除了商务部之外,国家发改委也是境外投资的监管部门,“二龙治水”的现状导致了政策的“打架”。据悉,此前以核准制为主的境外投资管理体制是确立于2004 年,包括两个部分:一是由商务部及省级商务主管部门来核准企业的境外直接投资;二是由国家和省级发改委对境外投资资源开发类和大额用汇类项目进行核准。

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