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中企出海商务部不再审 企业担心地方搞隐性审批

2014-10-21 08:16:19   人民网-中国经济周刊

中企“出海”投资 商务部不再审

境外投资松绑度超过上海自贸区

《中国经济周刊(微博)》 记者 劳佳迪 | 上海报道

过去数十年,中企“出海”扬帆之前,首先遭遇的不是洋流和季风,而是不得不想方设法拿到监管部门的一纸批文。不过,最近商务部的一纸公告彻底改写了这一被业内诟病的游戏规则。

9月初,商务部公告称,今年10月6日起,据新修订的《境外投资管理办法》,除一些涉及敏感国家或地区、敏感行业的项目外,未来中企任意金额的境外投资都将采取备案制,商务部不会再对其进行核准。

《中国经济周刊》记者了解到,这种将审批权力完全让出的做法,之前已经在上海自由贸易区试验了一年。一张成绩单似乎能说明企业的反响:上海自贸区管委会常务副主任戴海波在接受媒体采访时透露,截至今年8月底,上海自贸区已完成79个对外投资专案,有17亿美元通过上海自贸区投向境外。

尽管商务部打开境外投资“大门”,多位接受记者采访的业内人士都坦言,担心地方监管机构在具体执行层面会出现变相审批的现象,目前存在的多头监管、立法缺失等问题仍待解决。

海外投资都用备案制

记者注意到,此次商务部的松绑力度空前,实际上比在上海自贸区试验过程中放开的程度更深。据上海自贸区在成立初期出台的《境外投资专案备案管理办法》和《境外投资开办企业备案管理办法》,对允许实行备案制的境外投资一般项目依然划有一条金额“红线”:3亿美元以下。

商务部国际贸易研究院中国外贸研究部副主任李健接受《中国经济周刊》采访时表示,中企境外投资从审批制到核准制再到备案制的政策变迁经过了30多年,“自贸区的试验过程是让决策者‘胆子'更大了,慢慢改变认识,意识到企业可以自担风险,未必需要通过审批来把关。”

一家去年初在上海自贸区内注册的基建公司总经理李云风(化名)则告诉记者,公司在新加坡和澳大利亚都有业务,一直有“落子”海外的规划,今年成为在自贸区备案的“出海军团”的一员。

“核准制和备案制的区别是企业投资的作业流程完全不一样,前者是企业先到城市规划、国土资源、环境保护等部门逐一办理手续,然后再和项目申请报告一起上报给政府主管部门,实质是项目在送审之前已经投入了大量前期费用,但是能否最终通过政府核准心里都是没底的。”李云风对记者坦言,以前多次发生几家不同公司同时完成前置程序、最后重复建设的尴尬情况,对企业的经营资源形成浪费。

相比之下,上海自贸区实行整个项目备案到换汇投资的流程却大大缩短。“先拿到备案凭证,企业再去跑各个机构就等于只是走一遍流程,过去整个核准过程需要三四个月,现在在区内只用一周左右。”李云风表示。

股权投资基金弘毅投资对《中国经济周刊》提供的一份资料也显示,其在上海自贸区内完成的第一单PE境外投资整个流程只用了5个工作日,随后驾轻就熟地又仅用4个工作日完成了对美国STX公司的投资。

而此次商务部索性取消了3亿美元的金额限制,对于一般项目全面松绑,这在中企境外投资历史上确实具有划时代意义。一位熟悉政策的企业老总对《中国经济周刊》回忆道,20多年前,企业投资额在100万美元以上的,项目建议书和可行性报告都需要交到当时的国家计委来审批,合同、章程更是需要经过经贸部,这种严苛的高层审批模式一直延续到2004年。

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