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中企出海商务部不再审 企业担心地方搞隐性审批

2014-10-21 08:16:19   人民网-中国经济周刊

所以目前关于境外投资核准事项也都是由商务部和国家发改委各自规定的。两个部门规章之间缺乏协调性,不可避免地导致了双重核准现象的出现。

《中国经济周刊》分别查阅相关规定发现,凡属资源开发类境外投资项目, 都需经国家或省级发改委核准, 但根据商务部的现行规定, 地方企业开展的能源矿产类境外投资也应报省级商务主管部门核准。

又如,前往未建交的国家或特定的国家和地区(如受国际制裁的国家、发生战争和内乱的国家)的境外投资,其投资项目分别要经过国家发改委和商务部核准。

不仅如此,就在商务部此次全面放开中企境外投资备案制时,发改委执行的依据仍是今年5月修订的《境外投资项目核准和备案管理办法》。根据第七条规定,中方投资额10亿美元及以上的境外投资项目仍然需要由国家发改委核准。

值得一提的是,根据《中华人民共和国立法法》第七十二 条规定, 国务院各部门制定规章时, 涉及两个以上国务院部门职权范围的事项, 应当提请国务院制定行政法规或者由国务院有关部门联合制定规章。因此,近年来业界对于由国务院牵头制定一部境外投资法的呼声渐高。

事实上,在经济发达国家,由于境外投资的发展要求,审批机关通常是由法律规定的专门管理机构,由政府的一个部门或委员会来执行,或国家储备银行,或政府机关和银行。以韩国为例,其海外投资的审批就是经财务部长委任, 韩国银行行长执行的, 具体审批归由韩国银行下设的海外投资事业审议委员会负责,实行统一管理。

而在国内,现行海外投资审批机关数量繁杂,中央级的不仅有国家发改委和商务部,财政部、央行、外汇管理局、外交部等都享有一部分海外投资审批权。同时,各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市等地方政府以及各企业的上级主管部门的参与更加重了多级审批的困局。

(实习生张文静对此文亦有贡献)

(中国经济周刊)

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