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“人造双胞胎”,是把双刃剑

2017-09-18 08:31:40   中国青年网

以前试管婴儿技术不成熟,医院不愿意接收40岁以上的不孕妇女,因为成功率太低。现在该项技术日益成熟,给大龄不孕妇女带来了福音。接受试管婴儿助孕时,移植两个胚胎,看发育情况再考虑是否减胎。因为不孕妇女通过试管技术怀上宝宝不容易,而且费用较贵,为保险起见,往往会一次植入3-4枚受精卵,等成活后再减胎,但一般也要保留2枚受精卵。

保留两个或多个受精卵也有可能全部失败,所以要检查到三个或更多,才会在孕妇怀孕40天后进行减胎。而在此之后,剩下的两个受精卵也不能确定都会健康发育,有可能只有一个正常发育也有可能一个都没有,需要等怀孕7个月后才能确定婴儿是否健康,而这时由于婴儿已经基本发育成熟,也就不可能进行减胎或者流产了。所以即使知道怀有双胞胎的风险,家属大多也会选择去承担。

人类辅助生育技术是把双刃剑。南京鼓楼医院生殖医学中心专家认为,试管婴儿造成双胞胎数量的增多,给产妇、胎儿都会带来一定风险,约一半的双胞胎都是早产。专家表示,多胎怀孕,无论对孕妇还是对胎儿,风险都非常大,孕妇除了高血压的患病风险比单胎孕妇高3到4倍,还容易出现心肺并发症;两个胎儿都要营养导致孕妇缺铁性贫血;羊水过多导致母亲呼吸困难、破水之后的早产甚至流产;胎盘面积比单胎多一倍导致产后出血风险增加等。

无论是试管婴儿双胞胎还是自然受孕双胞胎,除增加孕妇怀孕后期和分娩时的危险之外,还可能造成胎儿发育迟缓、体重过轻、智力发育滞后,出生后的婴儿也易患上脑瘫、听力障碍、癫痫等疾病,早产率也大大高于正常单胎孕妇。所以,想要人造双胞胎的父母要三思而行,尤其是现在全面两孩政策已经放开,想要生二孩的家庭不必通过“人造”双胞胎的方式来养两个孩子。

本报记者 仲崇山

本报实习生 张骏懿

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