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“人造双胞胎”,是把双刃剑

2017-09-18 08:31:40   中国青年网

这个刚开始的新学年一个有趣的现象是双胞胎一起进校门的特别多:南京大学新生报到,一下子迎来5对双胞胎;南京长江路小学来了4对双胞胎;最令人惊讶的是南通崇川学校居然来了17对双胞胎新生。南通崇川学校已有双胞胎37对,其中男双17对、女双13对、龙凤胎7对。分清谁是谁,对于老师们来说,是个不小的挑战。

双臂摔劈、肩臂撩挂……一(2)班钱佑同学身着黄色练功服表演了一套通臂拳。紧接着,他的孪生姐姐沈佐颐跳起欢快的民族舞蹈《咚巴拉》。崇川学校报到日,在操场、珠媚园、亲水台等处,双胞胎们还表演了跆拳道、拉丁舞、武术和民族舞蹈等才艺,吸引了不少同学和家长驻足观看。

“过去一个年级里,有五六对双胞胎就算多了,其他班的学生课间都会围过去看稀奇。”崇川学校陆晖校长说,“今年一年级就有13对。”

双胞胎家庭越来越多,这是近年来很多人的感受。南京市妇幼保健院是南京接生孩子最多的医院,1995年该院全年接生的双胞胎只有45对,三胞胎为0。而到2011年时,该院接生的双胞胎升至254例,三胞胎1例;2012年接生双胞胎359例,三胞胎4例;2013年双胞胎420例,三胞胎5例;2014年双胞胎531例,三胞胎10例……

双胞胎、三胞胎比例明显上升,是自然现象还是人为干预?许多人都有这样的疑问。“据我了解,近年出生的双胞胎、多胞胎70%以上是人为干预的结果,自然怀双胞胎的概率非常低。”南京市妇幼保健院产科主任医师蔡满红介绍,自然怀上双胞胎的几率是八十九分之一,三胞胎概率是七千九百分之一,四胞胎几率更低。但是,近年来辅助生殖技术广泛开展,让生育多胞胎的概率显著上升。

蔡满红介绍,双胞胎增多,最直接的原因是试管婴儿、胚胎移植等人工辅助生育技术的发展与成熟。因受环境因素改变、工作压力增大、久坐不运动等影响,男性不育增多,加上女性人流次数增多等原因,越来越多的夫妇怀不上孩子,需要借助试管婴儿、辅助排卵等技术实现要宝宝的梦想。

据专家介绍,我国目前不孕不育夫妇约占育龄夫妇的10%,而试管婴儿等技术是帮助不孕不育男女当上爹妈的重要方法,但也很容易造成双胞胎,其发生几率约20%-30%,甚至更高。

南京市妇幼保健院生殖中心主任凌秀凤博士介绍,2000年前后,到该院接受试管婴儿技术的夫妇每年不足300对。而2015年该院完成试管婴儿2000多个周期,2016年完成3000多个周期。每一个周期代表着一个试管婴儿在母亲子宫成功“安家”。

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