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三地严查消费贷流向房地产:银行贷后监控确存盲点

2017-09-13 09:31:24   央广网

银行贷后监控确存“盲点”

华南某股份行信贷业务人士张洋(化名)对21世纪经济报道记者表示,首先要明确消费贷款的类别分为抵押贷款和信用贷款,纯信用额度上限一般为30万,30万以上大额都需要抵押。类别不同,放款方式与贷后管理方式也有不同。

张洋表示,银行普遍的做法是:对于30万以上的抵押贷款,银行放款要求只能刷卡或委托支付使用,每个银行自己的系统可以监控到每一笔与该银行卡有关的交易动向,一旦资金出现可疑操作或流向房地产市场会立马收贷。而30万以下的信用贷款用户可以选择提款,但会提出额外要求,如在申请时明确贷款用途,并提供后续消费小票供贷后检查。一旦出现实际用途与申请用途不符的情况,银行也会启动系统追查资金流向,如果违反监管流入房地产市场也会收贷。

“但实际操作上,消费者很多还是‘上有政策,下有对策’。客户想把贷款额度套成现金,可以找相关的企业,给企业一定的返点并缴纳税点。对于企业来说只需要帮忙收一下钱就有额外的收入,因此不少企业愿意承担风险并开展类似‘附加’业务的。这种操作下银行系统监控的每一笔资金都是合法合规并有明确用途的,钱在银行监控下每一个步骤都是没有问题的,但实际上确实绕开了监控,投入了其他地方,近年因为房地产市场火爆,可能很多资金就流入了房地产市场。”张洋告诉记者。

张洋还指出,如果要完全保证每一笔消费贷款确实落地,需要银行完全跟进,进而耗费大量的人力、时间、财力,对银行来说是很不现实的。而且即使要加强每一笔贷款的监管也并不容易。以装修贷款为例,有些房子是期房,一两年后交房,装修入住又要至少半年,加上放款周期可能还要两三个月,整个监控流程可能长达两三年,这对银行的监控难度又是更大的考验。

某大行信贷业务负责人对21世纪经济报道记者表示,最源头的把控应该在贷款源头,虽然监管有明确要求什么用途的贷款必须用到相应的地方,银行也可以按照监管要求在各个环节进行把关,但是依然很难确保客户贷出来的每一分钱用于那个方面,这是银行管理的盲点。

存量违规业务处理难题

从江苏、北京、深圳三地对消费贷流向房地产下达的通知来看,细则并不相同。北京严查个贷违规购房细则要求银行自查对象为单笔20万以上消费贷,并着重关注房抵贷、短期内办理两笔及以上消费贷款、贷后短期回流至借款人账户等7项特征。深圳细则明确将个人消费贷款最长期限缩短为5年。江苏细则则要求各商业银行建立大额消费信贷投向监测机制,按月向人行和银监局提交报告。

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