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“紫竹院”之名源于何时

2017-09-05 19:01:52   中国青年网

在更早之前,还有没有关于紫竹院的记载呢?还真有。清代初期,禅宗高僧释道忞(因精通儒释道三家学问声名显赫,被顺治帝赐“宏觉禅师”法号)60余岁进京,居京8个月之久,游临紫竹院,撰《城西紫竹院放生社序》。其中“都城之西有紫竹院者,盖内臣宗公施庄”一句清楚地表明了清顺治已有紫竹院名称。

而清代的官方石碑对“紫竹院”的前世今生有过记载。清光绪十一年《重修紫竹院碑记》中写道:“城之西数里,长河地方,有古刹紫竹院者,乃万寿寺之下院也。明万历五年,1577年万历皇帝之母慈圣李太后出资,司礼监冯保督建而成万寿寺,同时重修紫竹院旧庙称万寿寺之下院。”这充分说明“紫竹院”这一称谓在明万历年间就已经出现。那么,明朝的史籍上有没有记载呢?

明朝末年,历法混乱,徐光启(官至崇祯朝礼部尚书)极力倡导改革历法,多次向朝廷举荐西方传教士进行全面历法改革。生于德国的传教士汤若望遂供职于钦天监,他与生于意大利米兰的罗雅谷等协助徐光启等人历时5年编修完成《崇祯历书》。期间山东布政使司右参政臣李天经深感罗雅谷、汤若望的辛勤工作,欲为参与修历的传教士寻找安身之所。徐光启的《新法算书》中记载了李天经“查得替僧法宝已故,遗有御赐绝产万寿寺下院香火地二十顷”,因为此地无人承顶,便奏请皇上“破格柔远,以励勤劳,量给罗雅谷、汤若望等紫竹院田房,以光大典事。”

而且,1644年李自成攻占北京前夕,明官方文件还有万寿寺下院的称谓。由此可以推测,随着明灭亡,“万寿寺下院”这种说法逐渐消失,而“紫竹院”的说法一直在民间流传。

往前追溯,其实在更早之前的唐代,就有关于紫竹院的记载。有资料显示,唐代时已有紫竹院小庙,它与聚瑟寺(万寿寺)隔岸相望。而据考证,自唐代以来,紫竹院的古刹内供观世音菩萨,而菩萨居住的地方是中国佛教四大名山之一的普陀山紫竹林。紫竹“其干细而色深紫,段之可为管箫”,因此当时的兴建者据景寓意,称此处为紫竹院。 董军梅

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