新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China

贯穿于魏晋南北朝史的诸多发展周期

2017-09-04 05:10:49   中国青年网

当然,时至今日问题已变得更为清楚。对这些周期来说,旨在界定社会形态的“魏晋封建说”的解释力毕竟有限;“中世时代”及“贵族制社会说”则一向只被中国史界部分认同,因为这一时期各朝毕竟仍是专制皇权体制。更何况,对这众多周期兴衰起伏的“所以然”,只就其中一、二出发,无论是田客部曲的身份演化、门阀士族的地位变迁还是别的,显然是说不清楚的,其背后应当还有共同的发展基础,并在各周期及相关事态的互动中不断更新着这种基础。这就尤其需要考虑汉以来社会和统治模式的形成和发展问题。正是汉代以来各种资源更易流向特定家族的格局及其演化,构成了魏晋以来门阀士族发展蜕变的基础;也正是汉代以来的土地兼并、各族内徙和相应的处理过程,导致了魏晋以来亟待解决的土地问题、民族问题;其他各种周期大略亦皆孕育于汉,至于魏晋则因某种标志性举措或事件而定型展开,并随原有问题的消解和新问题的产生而趋于终结。

由此可以得出的基本认识是:在总结、扬弃战国以来的发展和秦制的基础上,汉代形成的社会制度和统治模式,一方面取得了巨大成功,奠定了汉文化和统一多民族国家的基本面貌和走向;另一方面也滋生、积累了一系列矛盾和问题,需要随形势发展,通过整套模式的调整完善来加以解决。我认为此即贯穿于魏晋南北朝史诸多周期的基本背景和原因:正是由于汉代模式所蕴矛盾和问题的突出化,导致了汉末以来社会和政局的动荡不安,也引出了魏晋以来明确标志诸周期开端的一系列举措和事件;若不是按调整完善汉代模式的方向来应对新的形势,消解这些矛盾和问题,而是朝着颠覆这种模式的方向来发展,那就不会有这些周期按其自身要素关系持续呈现其兴衰轨迹,也就不会有这些周期发展至唐代的完成或终结。这也就同时解释了魏晋南北朝既以战乱动荡及鼎立争攘而著称,又发生了一系列意义重大和影响深远的变化转折的缘由。

这些周期的基本完成,也就是汉代以来土地、阶层、民族关系和行政、法律体制,以及意识形态、知识领域诸多问题的蜕变或消解,由于其继续发展的基础已被更新,也就揭开了一个新的时代。而这自然意味着又一轮新绪再发而源流间出的过程,所谓“贵族制社会”消亡和“近世时代”或“平民社会”的到来,所谓“唐宋变革论”,所谓北族政权从“融合王朝”向“征服王朝”的演变,其实皆建基于此,都可归为上述周期完成的后续事态。结合以上所论,足见贯穿于魏晋南北朝史诸多周期的定型展开和终结衰变,不仅构成了魏晋南北朝史的基本内容,而且也在很大程度上决定了唐史走向和整部中古史前后期的转折,又汇聚了“魏晋封建说”“中世说”及“近世时代说”“贵族制社会说”“唐宋变革论”等中古史研究的基本构想和范式,体现了秦汉以来中国社会、中华民族及其文明发展逐步递嬗变迁的历史轨迹,亟待引起学界的高度重视,对其展开更为深入的讨论。

(作者:楼劲,系中国魏晋南北朝史学会会长、中国社会科学院研究员)

上一页3/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170904/31272539_3.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/08 21:41:10

Powered by China
China