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吴晓灵:从资管市场看金融立法应统一认识新老划断正本清源
现在去买银行的理财产品,都会让客户填写或抄写一个风险承诺书。但是银行的理财产品,在老百姓心目中从来不是自担风险的产品,产品有亏损的时候,为了银行的声誉,银行会腾挪一下自己的利润,或者把好资产放到这里面保证了预期的收益。按照它是一个信托产品,既然人家承诺了本金的损失,也签订了风险承诺函,应该说除了管理费用之后的所有的收益都应该归投资者。“但是你们去银行买理财产品,哪有一个产品给你的收益率是高出了预期收益率的?”因为银行认为亏损的产品给了补贴,盈利的就自然应该归银行所有。实际上银行即使是宣传不保本的理财产品也会为因为利益的调剂而变成了刚性兑付,所以对于整个理财市场上来说,这是一个极大的理念上的误导,不可能让理财产品回归资产管理的本性,不可能让市场培育起风险自担的文化。
“对产品法律关系认识的不统一,是不公平竞争的根源。”吴晓灵分析:“”银行觉得很委屈,既然我们都是资管产品,我们不能够到资本市场开户,不能去投资股票和债券,必须绕道或通过通道投资。但是基金可以开户,证券公司的集合资管计划可以开户,集合信托计划现在可能经过协调也可以开户了,唯有银行不可以。我想银行如果能够承认它是一个独立的实体在经营一份财务上真正独立的集合投资计划,这种开户的问题是可以解决的。
市场上大家还对另外一个问题抱怨比较多,即同样都是公募基金,但是公募基金投资非标产品受到了很大的限制,而理财的计划却受限不多。银行理财之所以能够得到比公募基金收益更高的收益,主要还是它投了一些非标的产品。非标产品主要是银行自己的一些贷款产品,它的收益比较高。银行认为要是按照公募基金管理就不能投非标产品了。基金认为不能投非标产品是对他们的不公平待遇,银行认为我按照基金管理不能够投非标是对客户利益极大的损失。
如何解决?通过法律界定
我想我们应该通过法律的修订把这些最基础的金融功能和法律关系,通过法律界定下来,对实践中适应新情况的做法也可以通过法律明确出来,这样对我们的资管市场的稳健发展是有好处的。
1. 修改证券法,应该将集合投资计划明确列为证券,扩大证券法的调整范围。国家已经看到资管市场的乱象想解决这问题,但我认为如果不明确它的法律关系和它金融产品的属性,光制定统一的标准是不可能从根本上解决问题的。
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