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网信办发布新规打击非法网络公关 各国如何管理“键盘侠”
俗话说,没有规矩不成方圆,网络空间绝对不是“自由世界”,也绝对不是“法外之地”。在互联网时代,我们享受着互联网带给我们的便利,必然也要遵守互联网世界的“游戏规则”,有规则才会有秩序,有秩序才会有未来。如果每个人都把网络当作自己的“自留地”,披着“马甲”就口无遮拦,那又怎配拥有未来。接下来,我们就把目光投向海外,看看其他国家是如何管理网络跟帖评论等相关方面的。
俄罗斯:网民只能以真实身份登陆俄境内网站
2017年,微软公司发布了一项关于不同国家网络文明水平的调查报告,也被称为“全球网络键盘侠排行榜”,其中南非、墨西哥和俄罗斯分别名列世界前三甲。由此可见,俄罗斯的“键盘侠”在各大国之间问题非常严重。对此,俄罗斯政府痛下狠手,网络监管法案一轮接着一轮,希望以强制手段还互联网一片清净。俄政府究竟采取了哪些措施呢?
据《全球华语广播网》俄罗斯观察员张舜衡介绍,早期俄罗斯管理网络舆论的方式还非常传统。比如,早在2005年,由普京亲自接见青年政治组织代表,以座谈会面的方式指导网络行动。但由于多年来俄罗斯民众在现实世界中政治参与途径狭窄,只能凭借低门槛和无约束的网络,过于热情地发表言论,到了2010年,俄罗斯政府已经意识到无法再逃避俄罗斯“键盘侠”和“网络水军”的问题,并尝试进行干预。2011年俄罗斯进入互联网全面监控时代。2012年俄罗斯设立网络黑名单法案,授权政府封锁违法网站。2013年该法案增添了更多条款,众多反对派网站遭封禁。2016年,俄罗斯甚至通过了两项刑法修正案,禁止所有网络匿名行为。
以该刑法修正案为基础,一系列网络新政迅速出台。比如俄罗斯的博客管理法规规定,日均访问3000人以上的博主必须注册登记并公布个人信息。随后总理梅德韦杰夫又签署了公共场所wifi监管法令,民众上网必须提供能证明身份的信息。2017年,俄罗斯通过法律,禁止提供及使用虚拟专用网络等代理服务,另外,个人必须用电话号码进行实名登记才能上网,这也意味着俄罗斯网民只能以真实身份,无法再以加密个人信息的方式登录俄境内网站。在一连串俄罗斯法案的颁布落实之后,俄罗斯民众在网络上不得不进行自我约束,发言也更有所顾忌。今日的俄罗斯网络对于政府安全部门来说,可谓是完全透明。
澳大利亚:互联网监管步伐超前公民难以网上匿名发帖
在互联网监管方面,澳大利亚步伐超前,是最早制定互联网管理法规的国家之一。据《全球华语广播网》澳大利亚观察员胡方介绍,在一系列互联网法规的规范之下,澳大利亚公民都必须规规矩矩地使用网络,完全匿名地在网上发帖几乎是不可能的。
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