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紧盯重点领域补短板的七个方向

2017-09-01 05:26:01   中国青年网

随着经济社会发展,人民群众对健康医疗、文化生活、养老服务等方面的需求不断增长,且呈现多元化、个性化特征。补齐这些领域的短板也十分重要。

居民健康水平不仅是经济社会发展水平的重要指标,也是影响人力资本水平的重要因素。目前我国优质医疗资源分布不均,建制镇和农村疾病防控设施不足,居民健康管理意识不强。需要优化医疗卫生机构布局,加大妇幼健康和基层卫生设施建设,促进医疗资源向基层、农村流动。需要重点加强县市的传染病、慢性病、精神病、地方病防治能力和卫生应急管理能力建设。需要完善基层医疗服务模式,推进全科医生覆盖,发展远程医疗。

文化是软实力的重要体现,既影响社会生产组织效率和制度建设成效,也关系到经济发展的潜力。目前,城市文化场馆设施利用率不高,农村文化服务设施短缺,经营主体产品创新和市场开发能力较弱,资金来源有待多元化。加强农村文化服务设施建设,需要结合农村农民的实际需要,创新服务模式;同时提升文化普遍服务水平,推动大中城市的体育馆、文化馆、博物馆和公益性展览馆向公众免费开放,推进社区便民文体设施建设。

我国已步入老龄化社会,但目前社会养老服务能力明显不足,养老设施供需矛盾尖锐。构建多层次养老服务体系,需加大社区养老服务机构建设力度,推进老旧社区适老化改造;需构建一个合理有效的养老地产金融生态链,核心是发展专业投资商,取得低成本长期资金的支持,实现养老地产风险收益的合理分配,推动整个系统低成本持续运行;需推动医疗卫生和养老服务相结合,丰富养老服务和产品供给方式、模式和主体。

以创新推动新产业发展

创新能力总体不足使我国产业竞争力较弱,影响我国产业在全球价值链分工中的地位。有研究认为,我国在核心技术、关键技术上对外依存度高达50%,高端产品开发70%的技术要靠引进,重要的零部件有80%需要进口,一些关键的芯片甚至100%依赖进口。同时,在拥有广阔前景的新兴产业市场,我国远远落后于美、日等发达国家,品牌建设和推广步伐也相对滞后,这将使我国在国际市场的份额被慢慢“挤出”,削弱出口竞争力,也无法满足国内市场的需求。培育新产业离不开科研投入,近年来,我国科研投入强度不断增大,占GDP的比重由2000年的0.9%上升为2016年的2.1%,但与发达国家相比,还存在一定差距,需进一步加大投入。

继续推进基础设施建设

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