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农业服务业短板须着力补齐

2017-08-30 06:22:06   中国青年网

随着现代农业深入推进,农业生产性服务业发展迅速。但与现实需要相比,农业生产性服务业仍面临着服务的规模化、专业化和组织化程度不高等问题。因此,需要加强培育农业服务组织,重点支持农业市场信息服务等7大服务领域,促进我国农业现代化进程发展

日前,农业部、国家发展改革委、财政部出台了《关于加快发展农业生产性服务业的指导意见》,提出大力发展多元化多层次多类型的农业生产性服务。力争通过5年的发展,基本形成服务结构合理、专业水平较高、服务能力较强、服务行为规范、覆盖全产业链的农业生产性服务业。这是我国首个定位支持农业生产性服务业发展的专门文件。

农业生产性服务是指直接完成或协助完成农业产前、产中、产后各环节作业的社会化服务。随着现代农业深入推进,农业生产性服务业加快发展,各类服务组织蓬勃兴起,服务领域覆盖种植业、养殖业、渔业等多个产业,涌现出全程托管、代耕代种、联耕联种等服务方式,对培育农业农村经济新业态发挥了重要作用。

目前,全国农业公益性服务机构达到15.2万个,经营性服务组织超过100万个,涵盖了农业生产的诸多环节。但与农业农村发展的现实需要相比,农业生产性服务业仍面临着服务的规模化、专业化和组织化程度不高,服务方式不能充分满足农民群众需要,对普通农户带动力不强等问题,一定程度上影响了我国农业现代化进程。

“我国农业生产性服务领域还不够广泛。”农业部经管司司长张红宇认为,从产业链条看,产中服务相对充分,产前和产后环节相对滞后,尤其是产前市场预警、产后初加工和销售服务很不适应,农产品不时陷入“多了多、少了少”的周期性波动。从生产区域看,东部地区和东北地区生产性服务相对发达,中西部丘陵山区则相对落后。要尽快把农业市场信息、绿色生产技术、农产品初加工等服务开展起来,覆盖农业产前、产中、产后全过程,努力解决好广大农户一家一户办不了、办不好、办起来不合算的事情。

以农产品初加工为例,由于产地储藏、保鲜、烘干等初加工服务设施简陋,导致每年农产品产后损失超过3000亿元。其中,农户储粮造成粮食损失约2000万吨,产后损耗马铃薯约1600万吨,水果约1400万吨,蔬菜约1亿吨。以最突出的蔬菜为例,我国蔬菜的产后损失率为欧美发达国家的4倍至5倍。

针对农产品初加工水平低、设施简陋、工艺落后等问题,从2012年开始国家实施了产地初加工补助政策,5年来中央财政累计投资达36亿元,共扶持632个县、近5万个农户。农业部农产品加工局局长宗锦耀表示,今后要着力支持农产品加工流通企业发展储藏、烘干、清选分级、包装等初加工服务,提高商品化处理能力。加强农产品贮藏保鲜冷链体系建设,支持常温贮藏、气调贮藏等多种贮藏保鲜设施集中连片建设。

此次,农业生产性服务业的短板在三部委日前出台的文件中得到了重点关注。文件着眼满足普通农户和新型经营主体的生产经营需要,提出重点支持农业市场信息服务、农资供应服务、农业绿色生产技术服务、农业废弃物资源化利用服务、农机作业及维修服务、农产品初加工服务、农产品营销服务等7大服务领域。力争通过5年的发展,农业生产性服务业产值占农业总产值比重明显提高,进一步增强生产性服务业对现代农业的全产业链支撑作用。

服务领域的拓展离不开大力培育服务组织。中国社科院农村所研究员杜志雄认为,当务之急要加快构建公益性服务与经营性服务相结合、专项服务与综合服务相协调的新型农业社会化服务体系。通过完善服务内容、提高服务能力,使公益性服务机构真正做到全覆盖、有保障;还要培育农业经营性服务组织,充分发挥不同服务主体各自的优势和功能,满足不同经营主体对社会化服务的需求。

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