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金砖合作再续金色十年

2017-08-30 10:16:30   央广网

3.合作内容丰富,金砖影响力不断提升

金砖国家已经建立近百项合作机制,涵盖经贸、金融、农业、教育、科技、文化、智库等广泛领域,形成了以领导人会晤为引领,以安全事务高级代表会议、外长会晤等部长会议为支撑,在多层次、多领域开展务实合作的机制。金砖合作的关注议题,从最初聚焦于经济和发展领域,扩大到了政治安全和地区性问题。2015年7月21日,金砖国家开发银行开业,这是金砖国家最显著的合作成果之一。金砖银行在成立的第一年就开始向成员国发放基础设施贷款,2016年批准了总金额超过15亿美元的7个项目,2017年拟批准25亿美元到30亿美元的15个贷款项目,这些项目倾向于绿色能源和交通等领域。

金砖合作机制已经成为新兴市场和发展中国家在经济、金融和发展领域交流与对话的重要平台。金砖国家在联合国、二十国集团等多边组织中紧密协作,维护广大发展中国家团结和利益,在全球治理中的影响力日益增强。在应对全球性挑战中,金砖国家提出金砖方案、贡献金砖智慧,成为落实推动国际金融体系改革和保持经济稳定发展等具体方案的重要力量,为发展中经济体在国际货币基金组织和世界银行中的改革投票权比重提升发挥了积极作用。

金砖合作也有“成长的烦恼”

金砖合作成绩斐然,但也存在一些亟须解决的问题,需要克服“成长的烦恼”。

1.全球经济增长面临诸多挑战

2014、2015、2016年的世界经济增长率分别为2.8%、2.7%、2.4%,世界货物贸易增长率为2.7%、2%、1.7%。世界贸易增长已经连续5年低于世界经济增长,这是自上世纪80年代以来经历时间最长的贸易停滞。国际直接投资虽然恢复增长,但仍然没有达到2007年1.9万亿美元的历史峰值。全球主要经济体仍然处于经济结构调整和经济新动能转换期。发达国家贸易保护主义和逆全球化政策倾向增强,种族矛盾、难民、老龄化等问题困扰经济增长,发展中国家经济增速下滑。金砖国家深化合作的国际经济环境依然充满不确定性。

2.金砖国家发展出现分化

金砖国家同为发展速度较快的新兴经济体,但是与一般的多边国家组织不同,金砖国家的历史文化和社会制度迥异,地缘位置分散。金砖国家的经济规模、人口规模、人均GDP、经济结构等差异很大,近年来经济增长出现分化。金砖合作机制建立以来,中国和印度的经济分别增长了3倍和1.5倍,巴西、俄罗斯、南非经济仅增长了62%、30%和9%,同期全球经济增长了47%。而且,金砖国家对国际直接投资的吸引力出现了下降,国际资本正在向经济增长更快的东南亚国家和墨西哥等后发的新兴经济体转移。

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