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推进“一湖四水”流域环境治理PPP模式的建议

2017-08-29 09:04:52   中国青年网

构建互动基础,规范合同签订与磋商机制。在政府与社会资本的互动上,双方应在充分沟通基础上进行磋商谈判,对项目愿景、收益分配、违约惩戒等形成共识,在项目进程中加强动态调整,及时处理冲突,形成规范的历史信用记录;在政府与社会公众的互动上,要完善沟通渠道,利用网页、微信、微博等网络平台建立“一湖四水”流域环境治理网格化信息体系。要加强平等对话,提升“绿色潇湘”等环保组织的话语权,建立听证制度,保证公民在公众参与、专家论证、风险评估三个决策程序中行使权利。要建立健全信息共享机制,加强信息共享与联合行动。

严格险种分担,完善风险管控与规避机制。在险种分担上,要设定风险上限,坚持信息最优、能力最优原则和责任越大、收益越大原则;在政府管控能力提升上,要建立省、市、县PPP项目制度与培训体系,安排专业人员开展对河流治理、资金运行、风险应对的把握和监测,增强契约精神,避免失信行为。要引入保险机构等第三方力量加以管控,实现风险转移;在对投标资本的管控上,应邀请专业风投机构对建设方案的技术性、风险性、效益性进行论证,以确保其技术水平、人才队伍的创新能力、风险预案与风险资金体系的完备性等。

实现合理定价,优化成本结构与盈利机制。在项目盈利上,要加强专家咨询、行业协会的参与,规范价格再谈判的调解机制,设置提前终止或回购机制,通过竞争性磋商、价格听证等形式确定政策性定价基准;在成本结构优化上,要通过精细的效益分析,根据项目、阶段特征采取不同融资管理模式,不搞“一刀切”。政府应加大支持力度,通过现金或实物补偿、边界土地开发权让渡、水权或排污权交易等方式,帮助社会资本降低成本;在盈利空间拓展上,应加强项目捆绑,比如在“一湖四水”流域中的上游地区,可将项目分散打包。应打造冠名品牌,将投资规模小、目标群体针对性强项目的冠名权给予企业,以资激励。应拓展产业链条,如针对流域内丰富的植物资源,拓展造纸、燃料产业,打造植物工艺品市场。

保障全程管理,完备项目监管与评估机制。在项目监管上,要提高政府监管能力,建立常规化信息公开制度,定期委托专业机构对项目进行评估和检查。要加强环保组织的培育力度,并加以赋权。要综合考虑每个项目的地域范围、消费者范围、金融汇率等因素,分别建立按比例回报的价格制度;在项目评估上,要从政府部门、社会资本、利益机构等主体角度,从经济、社会和生态等产出角度对项目进行整体分析。要加强项目招投标和建设运营阶段的评估,严格市场准入,排除财务、人事、信用状况不佳的主体,注意基本业务与水域环境治理的非冲突性,以降低运作风险。

(作者系湖南大学法学院副教授、经济学博士)

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