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从本科生科研中发现兴趣与志向

2017-08-26 05:15:47   中国青年网

有学者在针对高等理科教育人才培养的研究中发现,大学生学习兴趣和志向的双重缺失是目前影响人才培养质量的关键问题,因此,激发大学生的学习兴趣进而发展成“学术志趣”,是研究型大学拔尖人才培养的核心目标。

本研究通过实证分析发现,本科期间的科研参与经历有助于激发大学生对学术科研产生兴趣,进而选择攻读学术型硕士,走上学术发展道路。对于这些学生在进入本科学习时是否已经对科研产生兴趣并计划从事学术职业,是本研究无法控制的变量因素,但从这个意义上讲,本科期间的科研训练有助于巩固和保持这些学生对于科研的兴趣。综上所述,本科期间的科研训练对于学术创新型人才的培养具有正面、积极的推动作用。

具体到哪些科研参与形式最能促进本科生科研兴趣的养成,本研究对具有科研经历的理科和社会科学学生作了描述分析。根据统计结果,对于理科学生来说,参与比重最多的项目分别是:毕业论文或毕业设计(32.9%)、课程相关的科研(24.9%)和教师科研项目(21.3%);对于社科学生来说,参与比重最多的项目分别是:课程相关的科研(25.5%)、毕业论文或毕业设计(25.4%)和学术竞赛(19%)。由此可以看出,促进理科生和社会科学学生科研参与的路径有所不同。

不同途径打造理科与社会科学学生在本科期间的志趣基础

研究表明,本科期间给予理科生更多参与科研的机会,让他们在科研上投入更多的时间,有助于激发他们的科研兴趣,并促使他们选择攻读学术型硕士,走上学术发展道路。而在科研上时间与投入程度的差异,则对社会科学学生的研究生类型选择影响不显著。

对于高等理科人才培养来说,提升学生在本科期间的深度学习兴趣是促进学生专业志趣与职业志趣形成的关键所在,而深度学习的发生需要一定量的、足够的时间投入为基础。另外,充分的师生互动、实践参与和团队协作也是影响本科科研质量的重要因素。理科学习的过程是学生自主探索、观察反思,在理论与实践相结合的基础上循步前进的过程;因此,对于研究型大学来说,在本科教育阶段保证理科学生一定量的科研时间投入,并给予充分的指导和支持,对激发理科学生的科研兴趣,提高拔尖创新人才的培养质量具有积极的促进作用。

而对于社会科学的学生来说,本科期间的科研训练受时间与空间的影响相对较小,这也体现了社会科学科研形式灵活多样的学科特点。与理科学生不同的是,社会科学的学生不必受实验室、组会等场地和规定束缚,学术研究往往通过实地考察、田野调查等途径在非正式的学术场合进行。因此,对于研究型大学来说,应提供必要的支持与引导,促进多样化的社会科学科研训练的开展,并鼓励更多的学生亲身参与到科研中来,在实践中建立起对学术科研的兴趣,并最终选择学术发展道路。

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