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仲裁收费被指“不当得利”一案宣判

2017-08-26 04:15:55   中国青年网

“申请人所付仲裁费到底谁该承担,并未能深究下去。申请人成为实际埋单者,其实也有失公允。”十堰仲裁委员会的代理人刘汉平说。在他看来,十堰仲裁委员会也是法院“错误”撤销仲裁裁决的受害者。

撇开法院撤销错误仲裁裁决的情况,即使是仲裁服务本身存在问题,当事人也不能因此索回仲裁费。方达(北京)律师事务所高级合伙人康明在接受《法制日报》记者采访时坦言,仲裁服务质量是否合乎仲裁服务合同的要求,不能像一般服务贸易那样来评断是否满意,即很难从当事人的角度来判断仲裁服务质量在实体方面的高低。也鉴于此,商事仲裁服务的接受者一般不可以对裁决不满意进行索赔,故仲裁庭对于仲裁裁决在很大范围的事项上享有责任豁免。

之所以如此,是因为“仲裁服务质量分为两个方面:一是程序,二是实体。程序方面主要体现在仲裁庭是否按当事人约定的仲裁程序或仲裁规则快速有效地进行服务活动,是否给予双方当事人充分陈述事实、表达意见的机会。实体方面主要就是仲裁裁决的公正,由于每个仲裁案件与其他案件相比都不可能完全一样,有自己具体的交易背景、特点,而且当事人是存在利害关系冲突的两方。”康明说。

违反诚信原则不免责

鉴于仲裁的特性,对于仲裁服务提供者在服务过程中发生疏忽等情形,除非违反诚信原则,各国法律或仲裁规则均给予豁免的权利,即禁止当事人以仲裁裁决实体问题和仲裁程序缺陷为由通过法院寻求商事仲裁服务合同上的司法救济。

如英国法律规定:“仲裁员不对其在履行或试图履行职权过程中的任何作为或不作为承担责任,除非该作为或不作为表明其违反诚信原则。”“应当事人指定或请求而委任或提名仲裁员的仲裁机构、其他机构或个人,对其履行该职能时的作为或不作为均不承担责任,除非该作为或不作为表明其违反了诚信原则。”

新加坡国际仲裁中心仲裁规则规定:“中心及其职员、雇员或代理人,或者任何仲裁员对于下列行为均不负责:(a)有关以仲裁员身份作为或不作为的过失或有关按照本规则进行仲裁的过失;及(b)在进行仲裁程序过程中或裁决制作过程中的法律、事实或程序性错误。”

美国仲裁协会仲裁规则规定:“仲裁庭的成员和美国仲裁协会不对任何当事人就与按照本规则进行仲裁有关的任何行为或疏忽承担责任,但对因其有意或故意的不当行为而造成的后果可能承担责任。”

康明说,由此可以看出,“仲裁服务提供者的任何行为,并不是说都可以得到豁免而不承担责任,即没有违约赔偿,而是明白无误告诉人们在违反诚信原则的情况下,仲裁服务提供者就不得免责”。

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