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无烟诉讼第一案的标杆意义

2017-08-24 07:27:32   中国青年网

王琦

近日,开学准备上大一的河北女生李颖起诉了哈尔滨市铁路局,起因是她在从北京前往天津、由哈尔滨市铁路局运营的K1301次列车上闻到了刺鼻烟味。8月14日下午,澎湃新闻从北京铁路运输法院获悉,目前法院已受理此案,且定于8月24日开庭。(8月15日《澎湃新闻》)

之前没有人因为公共场所吸烟而起诉经营者或者管理者,因此本案被称为“中国公共场所无烟诉讼第一案”。对此,一些网友认为,在普通列车的吸烟区吸烟是没有问题的,毕竟设立吸烟区不就是让人吸烟的吗?但是,不可否认,火车车厢作为一种相对密闭的公共场所,吸烟区和无烟区紧紧相连,一旦有人吸烟整个车厢都会弥漫着烟味,对其他乘客的影响依然很大。

火车设立吸烟区由来已久,这是很多人以及铁路工作人员对火车吸烟区吸烟现象熟视无睹的根本原因。但是根据《公共场所卫生管理条例》第二章第十八条:“室内公共场所禁止吸烟。公共场所经营者应当设置醒目的禁止吸烟警语和标志。公共场所经营者应当开展吸烟危害健康的宣传,并配备专(兼)职人员对吸烟者进行劝阻。”火车作为公共场所,理应遵从条例全面禁烟,但该列车显然并没有禁烟,不仅对乘客吸烟者无劝阻,反而乘务人员也有吸烟行为。这明显已经形成违规。

同时,在铁路旅客乘车安全须知中,我们也可看到第五条明确禁止在车内各部位吸烟。一旦乘客买了车票,乘坐列车,铁路和乘客之间就形成一种契约。既然要求禁烟,就是要给予乘客一个无烟洁净安全的环境。虽然普列不比高铁,但吸烟的安全隐患依然很大。李颖起诉哈尔滨市铁路局,是普通民众对自身权益保护意识的崛起,更是对公共场所禁烟的一声呐喊。

我国多地都已出台地方控烟条例,但是控烟效果却并不明显,在商场、饭店、公交车……吸烟现象仍比比皆是,对此,我国应加强监管,不能有法不依,条例既然出台,就应有人执行,而不能沦为一纸空文。在这起无烟诉讼案中,我们看到其中重要一项诉求是“取消北京站及天津站站台、K1301次列车内的吸烟区、拆除烟具,并禁止在上述区域吸烟”,赔偿在其次,让列车无烟才是关键。列车内的吸烟区属于历史遗留问题,但既然公共场所全面已控烟,列车就不应再存在“吸烟区”这种东西。这起诉讼给所有公共场所敲响了警钟。公共场所禁烟不再只是一句口号,如果,公共场所再不按照法规实行,那么,很可能下一秒就会收到一封来自法院的诉讼书。

其实,并不是所有公共场所都控烟实行不利,学校、医院是控烟较好的两大公共场所,它们之所以控烟能够得到效果,无非是坚持监管处罚,经过长期实行,人们也开始自觉遵从。要实行公共场所禁烟,只有加强监管处罚,长期坚持实行,如此才能让民众对公共场所禁烟形成共识,才能认识到禁烟的重要性。

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