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这个推理师有点鲁迅的味道

2017-08-25 15:16:29   中国青年网

书中描绘的整个社会存在着的从上到下无一阶层不有的欺凌现象,老师对学生的欺凌、学生和学生欺凌,最可怕的是权贵家的学生对贫困的成年人的欺凌,每个人只要有一点点可以作恶的权力就施恶于他人。

但这是个案吗?明显不是。随着情节的演进,逐渐揭示的除了案件本身的谜底,还有一个在高速的不均衡的发展下,已经被深深撕裂的社会现实。这种撕裂造成的阶层分化,最可怕的地方在于既得利益者认为理所应当,弱者不应该占有生存空间,而弱者天然的也会选择逆来顺受。由此形成的社会鄙视链,及其随之派生出来的各种社会暴力。也就是说,某种意义上21世纪的我们,还生活在19世纪演化出的丛林社会里面,“物竞天择,适者生存”。于文洋在杀死欣欣的时候,说“能不能理解我们这种人的开心,什么高档的烟没抽过?什么昂贵的酒没喝过?什么豪华的车没开过?都玩腻了,最后发现,还是命最好玩儿,可是总不能玩自己的命吧,只好玩你们这些不值钱的命了。”

掩卷沉思,眼前蹦出了一串鲁迅笔下的人物:段新迎们不就是孔乙己、祥林嫂、闰土的化身吗?于文洋、于跃们,身上是赵老太爷、假洋鬼子、赵贵翁、鲁四老爷的阴魂,而高震、徐桐、张昊等人,则是鲁迅笔下最常出现的看客们,蘸着人血吃馒头来治病的华老栓们。

鲁迅把中国历史分为想做奴隶而不得的时代和暂时做稳了奴隶的时代,由此批判麻木不仁的国民性的劣根性。在对中国传统文化的批判中,鲁迅对国民性的卑怯是深恶痛绝的。他极力反对卑怯者半死半生的苟活,他深切地期望人们能挣脱文化传统的禁锢,有真正的人的生活,他说:“世上如果还有真要活下去的人们,就先该敢说、敢笑、敢哭、敢怒、敢骂、敢打,在这可诅咒的地方击退了可诅咒的时代。”反抗和质疑在传统中向来是稀缺的。因为一般的反抗者最终都成了悲剧,涓生、夏瑜、狂人等等,都成了祭品一般。

中国人自古不喜欢质疑,不到万不得已不肯反抗。诚如呼延云所言,“从2009年《嬗变》开始我就在宣扬质疑和反抗,宣扬独自的战斗。在我看来推理小说的本质也是质疑和反抗,这是我最推崇的一种精神。”推理小说从最初就代表着十八十九世纪科学大发现的蓬勃兴起带来的科学主义和质疑精神,小说中私人侦探与官方侦查体系的对立本质上是个人挑战庞大的社会黑暗,甚至是个人主持和决定那些司法忽视的正义。这才是推理小说的本质,而不是单纯的魔术破解游戏。所以在呼延云的推理小说中,可以看到鲜明的目的性,那就是弘扬质疑和反抗。

呼延云的小说,在剖析了人性的复杂以后,把反抗和质疑的主题推进了一步。他让段新迎、林香茗都有了属于自身的反抗,虽然这种反抗也带有非常深刻的悲剧性。好在作为读者可以了然到,在诉求无门的情况下,反抗和质疑仍然有着最大的合理性。而这种意思,也消解了一些人提出的推理小说提倡暴力的质疑。

可能是担心读者们体察不到他对于鲁迅的致敬,在书中描绘完于文洋的装束,“簇新的灰西装,浅粉色的衬衫,紫色的领带,皮鞋锃光油亮,一副精致到不能再精致的模样。”用心良苦地用鲁迅研究专家钱理群的“精致的利己主义者”来概括。

除了情节紧凑,这本小说语言也很活泼,对警员们排队去探视被重伤的姚代鹏带出的交通委摇号买车的嘲讽,疏于管理的公共绿地野草和绿地长得跟闹土匪似的……调侃中,也有一丝丝鲁迅文字的味道。

类型小说从市场角度是迎合读者的,是一种大众消费的精神麻醉剂,鲜见对社会的思考。小说揭示的是一个艺术化了以后的社会公共话题,希望读者们在读完以后,能够跳出小说,真切地感受到社会现实,去关注身边的小世界,提防娱乐至死。

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