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微贷变革让小技术撬动大转型

2017-08-25 10:07:19   中国经济网

微贷变革:农商银行信贷模式转型的现实之选

尽管小微金融潜藏着巨大的业务发展空间,但长期以来我国小微金融领域始终面临小微企业“贷款难”和银行“难贷款”并存的双重难题。究其原因,一方面是由于小微商户往往规模小、经营不规范、缺乏完整的财务报表、无法提供有效地抵押物;另一方面,商业银行传统的信贷模式往往坚持“重抵押、轻信用”的理念,出于风险防控考虑,不敢轻易向小微企业投放贷款。

面对数量庞大、融资需求旺盛的小微客户群体,农商银行要实现业务稳健拓展,依托原有的信贷模式显然难以实现,必须对信贷模式进行变革、优化。而微贷技术注重通过财务信息和非财务信息的系统分析和交叉检验,评估客户的还款能力和还款意愿,倡导“轻抵押、重信用”的信贷理念,契合农商银行拓展小微业务的诉求,成为农商银行推进小微信贷模式转型的现实之选。

从“邢襄小贷”这块试验田的运行状况和发展成果来看,基于微贷技术的全新信贷模式较传统的信贷模式具有明显的特点和优势,契合了农商银行下沉业务中心、转变业务发展方式的转型目标。

首先,在获客方式上,与传统的“坐等客户上门”的营销方式不同,微贷技术采用的是扫街、陌生人拜访、主动营销的方式。这对于农商银行转变业务发展方式、做大做实基础客户群具有重要的推动作用。当前,银行业的竞争已经由产品竞争、价格竞争转向服务竞争,而庞大的客户群体则是所有竞争的核心和基础,唯有通过主动营销、贴近式服务迅速积累客户群,方能为后续的服务奠定基础。因此,这种营销理念和方式的转变,对于真正实现“以客户为中心”具有重要的现实意义。

其次,在信贷技术运用上,与传统信贷方式“重抵押、轻信用”不同,微贷技术采用的是基于财务信息和非财务信息的系统分析技术,不看抵押看产品,不看担保看人品,着重了解客户的还款意愿及还款能力,进而发放“纯信用贷款”,这就破除了传统信贷方式对抵押物的依赖,降低了小微客户获得信贷资金的门槛。客户经理通过深度走访和调查,为客户编制资产负债表和现金流量表等报表,解决了小微客户缺少财务报表验证的难题。在风险控制方面,由于微贷技术强调财务信息与非财务“软信息”的交叉验证,以及客户经理之间的交叉验证,降低信息不对称,这在很大程度上降低了来自于客户的信用风险和来自于客户经理的道德风险。

此外,由于微贷技术坚持“不喝客户一口水、不抽客户一支烟、不拿客户一分钱”的信贷理念,对于破除“吃拿卡要”的信贷恶习、重塑阳光信贷文化具有重要意义。同时,由于小微业务属于劳动密集型业务,需要大量的人力资源配置。而微贷业务拥有独特的培训体系,以集中理论培训和师徒制的实践培训相结合,有一套完整的评估考核机制,能够不断培养出掌握先进技术、拥有阳光信贷文化的客户经理,并成为继续人才培养的种子,推动农商银行优化人才结构,为业务发展奠定坚实的人才基础。

随着农业供给侧结构性改革的不断深化,我国县域小微企业将迎来蓬勃发展的历史机遇,也为农商银行开拓小微金融业务提供了广阔的发展空间。农商银行应该抓住发展机遇,不断推进自身转型发展步伐,积极探索小微信贷技术创新和实践,在提升小微金融服务质效的同时,开辟新的业务转型空间。(文/邢台农村商业银行监事长 岳晓萍)

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