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私募报告:大象起舞注入新动能 国内市场驶上快车道

2017-08-25 10:06:24   中国经济网

近年来,无论是国有还是民营背景的巨无霸机构都表现出一定的规模优势。在配合“一带一路”国家战略与供给侧结构性改革的背景下,国有资金及其控制的机构已经充分彰显出投资的成本优势、规模效应和集群效应。一些民营机构也乐意与这些国字头机构、政府引导基金以及具有一定声望的母基金(FOF)合作。

三、退出与回报方面,国内私募股权基金信息受限、表现波动较大。

受统计信息质量限制,有关国内私募股权的退出与回报情况主要依赖问卷调查。根据清科大样本统计,2016年VC/PE的退出案例数量有4891个,其中新三板挂牌、IPO、股权转让和并购分别占比66%、11%、10%和7%。根据投中的《2017年中国GP调查研究报告》,2016年VC/PE退出的主要渠道依次是股权转让、IPO、并购、回购和新三板挂牌,分别占比31%、30%、15%、8%、8%。显然,上述两种数据来源的统计结果存在一定的差异。为了进一步验证,我们将借助于中国证券报和中国财富研究院的问卷调查及其反馈的主观判断。

自2014年以来国内私募股权基金行业经历粗放式发展,存在一定程度的盲目投资问题,一些领域的退出压力表现突出。2017年上半年在宽松的IPO政策下,有267家公司上市。这为私募股权退出、获得回报创造了阶段性利好。根据清科的统计,IPO退出的IRR中位数水平在过去十年间逐渐下降,在2016年和2017年上半年分别为12.7%和10.7%。相比较而言,清科统计的并购退出的回报水平自2013年以来保持较高的水平,在2016年和2017年上半年分别为29.7%和16.5%。

与海外市场较为稳定的退出渠道、平缓的回报波动相比,国内私募股权基金在退出渠道和获取回报方面波动较大。

问卷调查与分析:“募投管退”新格局

问卷调查以中国证券报和中国财富研究院的结果为主,必要时将对照投中的GP调查结果以及清科的统计。

中国证券报和中国财富研究院的调研时间区间为2016年1月1日-2017年3月31日。提名机构共有157家,其中PE机构69家,VC机构62家,券商直投机构26家。本次共收集调研问卷70份,并对其中39家重点机构进行实地走访,其余机构数据通过投中、清科等外部渠道获取。调查问卷包括样本对象的基本信息、投融资情况、代表性投资案例以及机构对“投资趋势”的观点判断。针对投资趋势的问卷设有5大主题,46个小问题(指标)。从反馈情况来看,所有指标的有效样本最大数50、最小数39,中位数和平均数都是49。在这些样本中,部分观点采用了1-10分的量化打分法。我们在处理时还原为三种状态下的定性判断。例如,7-10分表示影响程度较大或较为重要,4-6分表示没有明显影响或一般,1-3分表示影响程度较低或不重要。

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