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私募报告:大象起舞注入新动能 国内市场驶上快车道

2017-08-25 10:06:24   中国经济网

根据投中的半年度统计,中国创业投资与私募股权(VC/PE)基金的募集规模从2016年下半年起连续下降,单笔募集规模的平均值则不断创出新高(图2)。2017年上半年,基金募集完成额总计1218亿美元,新基金募集的目标规模则突然跃升至2823亿美元。按照同期美元兑人民币汇率中间价的平均值6.85计算,上述两个规模指标分别大约折合0.8和1.9万亿元人民币。

图2中国创业投资与私募股权市场融资趋势

注:按最终封闭统计,半年度数据。

数据来源:投中信息。

受国内特殊环境影响,这段时期募集完成规模的走势与海外市场相背离。但在单笔规模指标上,海内外大型基金的崛起则表现出共同趋势。一些国字头巨无霸基金不断涌现,国内科技领域吸收的VC投资急剧上升,具有与美国VC市场并驾齐驱之势。

根据国内的私募股权数据提供商因果树(InnoTREE)统计,2017年上半年的前20大VC交易共完成430亿美元融资,大大超出去年全年总额。其中,国内半导体行业巨头清华紫光吸收的220亿美元就占据了半壁江山。这份以美元计价的资金事实上来源于国开行提供的1000亿元人民币和国家集成电路产业投资基金提供的500亿元人民币。

二、投资方面,国内私募股权基金的内部分化加剧。

与海外同行一样,国内的私募股权基金面临一定程度的投资难问题。根据投中统计,国内VC/PE的投资规模从2016年上半年开始出现下滑。两类机构的投资案例数量分别从2016年下半年、上半年开始下滑。两者的投资规模都从2016年上半年起下滑。在从2015年起的两年半时间里,这两类机构合计的当期投资额与新增募集额度之比处于下降趋势,且平均值不足半数。根据投资期的经验判断,该领域显然存在资金过剩及投资难问题。同期,国内VC/PE的平均单笔投资规模不断创出新高。这种变化趋势与基金募集情况较为接近。它背后的主要驱动因素是投资机会的市场集中度提高以及新出现的大型基金的投资动作。

投资难题对不同类型的机构而言是相对的,他们可能面临不同的投资机会门槛约束。这种差异是指一些大型的具有公共信用支持的资产管理机构可以获得长期、低成本、连续的资金来源,从而在资金使用上比其他机构具有更大的优越性。对他们而言,资产估值可能不再偏高。同时,由于高信用与低成本资金的支持,一些投资项目的估值更有吸引力。

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