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专家解读新《陕西省消费者权益保护条例》

2017-08-25 08:26:26   中国青年网

第三,细化了经营者的义务和责任。《条例》进一步扩大了消费者权益的保护范围,细化了经营者的义务和责任,特色鲜明。《条例》在深刻领会《消法》基本精神的基础上,对“生活消费”内涵和外延进行了进一步细化,拓宽了消费者权益的保护范围,在更大范围、更广阔领域保护消费者的合法权益。《条例》立足陕西,立足陕西消费实际,立足陕西省消费者权益保护实际,在对传统的“生活消费”和“生活服务”进行法律调整的基础上,将“特种游乐设施”“户外拓展服务消费”“预付卡消费”“保健品消费”“汽车销售”“旅游服务消费”“印染服务消费”“影像服务消费”“中介服务消费”“快递服务消费”和“教育培训”等新兴的消费也都纳入了《条例》的保护范围。在拓展消费者权益保护范围的同时,《条例》还细化了经营者的义务和责任。这种细化,既有义务之细化,如对召回义务、告知义务、明示义务、免责义务的细化等,也有责任之细化,如对强制交易责任、失信责任的细化等。

消费者权益保护范围的拓展和经营者义务和责任的细化使消费者权益保护更符合陕西消费实际,更接地气,有利于经营者义务的履行和责任的承担,有利于消费活动的进行和展开,更有利于消费者权益的保护,作用巨大。

《条例》这些特色鲜明的规定,与我国《消法》的基本精神、立场、制度是相一致的。《消法》是我国消费者权益保护的基本法,统领其他消费者权益保护法律规范,在消费者权益保护中居于至高地位。省、市、自治区人大常委会颁布和施行的《条例》是《消法》的下位法,施行于省、市、自治区行政区域,不具有域外效力,其基本任务是贯彻、落实《消法》的基本精神、立场和制度,使《消法》的实用性和操作性更强。

《条例》是我们立足陕西,结合陕西消费市场实际,结合陕西消费者权益保护工作的实际,贯彻、落实《消法》的基本精神、立场和制度并使之具体化的法律成果。这种具体化主要表现在:

第一,化抽象为具体。化抽象为具体是法律具体化的最通常做法。通观《条例》,可以发现很多规定都体现出了对《消法》精神、制度的具体化。如《条例》确立的“消费维权联席会议制度”“联合执法制度”“信用惩戒机制”等就是对“政府消费者权益保护职责”的具体化;将“特种游乐设施”“户外拓展服务消费”“预付卡消费”“保健品消费”“机动车销售”“旅游服务消费”“印染服务消费”“影像服务消费”“中介服务消费”“快递服务消费”和“教育培训”等纳入消费者权益保护范围的规定就是对“生活消费”的具体化。这种化抽象为具体的规定,在《条例》中还有很多。所有这些具体化的规定,都将使《条例》更贴近市场、贴近消费、贴近生活,更接地气,更有利于发挥保护的作用。

第二,化空白为具体。化空白为具体是法律具体化的又一通常做法。《条例》确立的“失信惩戒制度”“行政罚款制度”“听证制度”等制度都填补了消费者权益保护中的空白。这种填补空白的具体化制度对加强《条例》的操作性,强化经营者的义务和责任,切实保护消费者的合法权益,具有十分重大的法律意义。

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