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水资源税改革,不只是费改税

2017-08-25 04:16:46   中国青年网

相对于水资源费,水资源税的严肃性、权威性更强,纳税遵从度更高。“水资源费改税后,有效遏制了水资源费漏征、少征、拖欠等现象,一定程度上堵塞了征管漏洞。”李杰刚说。

表面上看,水资源税试点就是由以前的征收水资源费改为水资源税。这是否意味着只是名称的改变?“水资源税改革不是简单的费改税,而是破解管理体制机制障碍的重要抓手,是一项系统性的长期工程。”李杰刚认为,改革措施必须注重整体效果。河北省把水资源税改革试点和地下水超采治理试点统筹考虑、联动推进,先后推出完善水价调整机制、水价补偿机制、鼓励使用引江水等措施。

发挥杠杆调节作用

水资源税试点如何助力河北破解水资源难题?核心就在于利用税收杠杆调节水需求。

水资源税改革将原来收取的水资源费降为零,改征水资源税,按照鼓励使用再生水,合理使用地表水,抑制使用地下水的原则设定税额标准。

如何使税收发挥出杠杆作用调节水需求?那就是实行差别税额标准。河北省确定的原则是,地下水高于地表水,超采区高于非超采区,管网覆盖内高于管网覆盖外,对特种行业从高制定税额标准,对超限额农业生产用水从低制定税额标准。

“我们规定,严重超采区工商业取用水单位的税额标准最高为6元/立方米,是原水资源费的3倍;洗车、洗浴、高尔夫球场等特种行业取用水最高税额标准达80元/立方米,是原水资源费的40倍。”李杰刚介绍。

值得注意的是,根据规定,水资源税纳税人为利用取水工程或者设施直接从江河、湖泊(含水库)和地下取用地表水、地下水的单位和个人,间接取用水单位和个人不是水资源税纳税人。比如,使用供水管网自来水的单位和个人,并不需要交纳水资源税。

同时,河北省规定了一系列优惠政策,包括对于取用污水处理回用水、再生水、雨水等非常规水源免除征收等。不征和免征水资源税范围基本与水资源费优惠范围一致,最大限度保障纳税人利益不受改革影响。

2016年8月1日,石家庄市裕华区地税局成功开出我国历史上第一张水资源税票。“水资源税改革后,填补了税收政策体系上的空白,引导节约用水的调控作用日趋显现。”李杰刚说,高耗水行业水资源利用成本大幅增加,倒逼企业调整生产用水方式,主动加大节水设备投入力度,提高水资源综合利用水平,减少生产耗水量。

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