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我国首次分行业设央企负债率红线 要求切实降低企业负债
其实还有一种特殊情况,就是面临下降周期的时候,企业的资产向下低估,资产负债表是恶化的,这时候该如何评价呢?对此,刘瑞认为,要谨慎的分析未来回报的预期如何,更多的让市场判断:“总体的经济形势,如果是前期资金预计看好的话,举债高一点,因为未来回报可能会很不错,这个是可以的。但是如果下行的话,从银行等投资人的角度来看,可能就要谨慎了,要考虑到这个企业的未来收益,如果不看好,虽然你现在的举债率不是超的特别高,但是从发展行业来讲可能就会出现问题了,投资人就会谨慎。这应该交给市场来判断。”
在对央企分行业设置负债率的同时,我国还需要建立多渠道降低企业债务的机制。财政部会计标准战略委员会委员张连起表示,要切实降低企业的负债水平,必须多管齐下。“市场化、法制化的债转股,只是其中之一,更多的是要提高央企的利润能力。对有些盲目的不能带来现金流量的投资的要严加管控,这个方面是央企一直的弊端。第二,要对资产端进行分类解决,像应收账款、其他应收款等等及时进行清理,要处置。另外对僵尸企业 连续三年以上资不抵债的进行破产重整或者破产清算,要建立一个动态的对资产负债率监控系统。”张连起说,“当然,真正解决债务率高,杠杆率高,更多的是要加大直接融资的比重,发展多层次的资本市场体系。现在的国有企业特别是央企,大量还是要靠银行靠间接融资,利息费用过高。通过直接融资,把财务成本降下来。负债率高的问题主要还是靠利润,靠盈利,而且这个盈利要是真金白银,不是靠一些调整会计估计,粉饰资产负债表。”
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