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非遗教育 做鲜活的文化传承

2017-08-24 15:21:22   央广网

4、非遗教育体系亟待建立

当今,非遗保护传承已经上升为国家文化发展战略。非遗教育是融合多门类教育特点的新型教育,是国民教育体系的重要组成部分。

近年来,非物质文化遗产保护运动正在中国蓬勃开展,虽然全国各地的教育机构不断地进行了非物质文化遗产进校园、进教室、进教材的实践和探索,取得了一批重要的成果,但在我国教育结构体系中,非遗中、高等教育,尤其是非遗高等教育,除原来的艺术院校、艺术专业外,仍是一个空白。高层次、高素质非遗事业从业人才的培养困难重重,非遗相应技术、文化、开发的研究,也相对滞后。

尽管一些院校开展了非遗教育工作,设置一些相关的课程,但是在这项教育工作中存在着不专业的现象。比如艺术院校将原本的设计艺术学专业设置为“传统工艺美术”,将原本的戏曲文学专业设置为“传统戏曲”等,这些课程看起来是专业性的,但其涉及的内容往往学科化有余,传统性传承性并不强。

非遗的地域性、独特性、历史性、艺术性、抢救性等特征,决定了非遗教育有其独特教育规律,非遗教育应该是自成体系的教育。

当前,亟待创立有别于普通高校的非遗教育高等院校,从而引领非遗教育在各阶段的开展。通过幼儿非遗启蒙教育培养非物质文化的热爱者;通过少年非遗认知教育培养非物质文化的认同者;通过青年非遗能力教育培养非物质文化的传承者;通过学校非遗教育引领全社会的非遗文化认同,从而使非物质文化遗产得到真正的保护和传承。

在非遗教育中坚定文化自信,非遗教育顶层设计是前提,非遗教育理论指导是关键,非遗教育主体明确是基础,非遗教育体系建立是根本。只有在先进非遗教育理论的指导下,才能科学地进行非遗教育的顶层设计,通过顶层设计的统领,明确非遗教育主体责任,建立非遗教育体系,探索非遗教育规律。我们期待:伴随着非遗教育体系的逐步建立,一个覆盖全体学生、体系完整、重点突出、联系社会的学校非遗教育,一定会为中华民族的文化自信、中华民族的伟大复兴,作出应有的贡献。

《光明日报》( 2017年08月24日 14版)

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