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“民告官”,一定要去法院吗

2017-08-24 06:31:26   中国青年网

“尽管导致老百姓复议不成功的原因很多,但纠错率较低还是与大家的期待有些距离。”张效羽说。

4、“有案无人办”和“有人无案办”难题如何解

根据当前我国行政复议的体制,申请人对地方政府部门的具体行政行为不服的,该部门所属的本级政府和上级主管部门都可以受理复议申请。而负责行政复议具体工作的,一般都是本级政府的法制办或者上级主管部门内设的法制处。

“从一些地方的情形看,许多部门一年没有多少复议案件,有的一年不到10个案件,导致行政机关负责人不重视也不愿意设置专门人员办理复议案件,甚至出现有了复议案件再调配办案人员的情况。”刘莘指出。

从2008年起,国务院启动行政复议制度改革试点,在复议机关的设置上,采取的是一级政府相对集中复议权限、各部门不再复议案件的模式。

“从全国陆续开展复议改革试点的十几个地方看,这样做的效果比较好。”刘莘指出。因为案件集中后数量增多,行政机关负责人重视了,为此配备的人员也多了,队伍稳定且素质提高了,这为公正解决纠纷在组织上打下了基础。

据统计,浙江省全省复议机关原来有1500多个,存在着不同程度的“有人无案办”和“有案无人办”现象。2015年9月,义乌市挂牌成立全国首家行政复议局,行政复议案件由市政府集中管辖,着力加强行政复议能力建设。

改革立竿见影。2016年,义乌市行政复议局收案数达703件,相当于上年同期2.5倍、同级法院行政诉讼案件数2.6倍,直接纠错率、调解和解率均有较大幅度提升。“复议改革让政府‘免疫系统’的功能得到充分发挥。”义务市法制办副主任朱彤说。

为改变行政复议机关“官官相护”、当“维持会”的现象,新修改后的行政诉讼法规定,经复议的案件,复议机关决定维持原行政行为的,作出原行政行为的行政机关和复议机关是共同被告。

“这一规定的初衷是好的,但是实践中却造成一些案件较多的行政复议机构‘不是在法院开庭,就是在去法院开庭的路上’。”刘莘认为,这让原本就薄弱的行政复议力量显得“捉襟见肘”。上述规定也引发了部分法学家和法制部门工作人员的质疑。她建议,在下一步修改行政复议法时,可以考虑采取捆绑式修法的方式,一并作出修改。

值得一提的是,实践中,有个别公民滥用行政复议权利,既造成行政资源浪费,又影响复议机关权威。

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