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保护世上最美的“雅女蛇”

2017-08-24 06:21:58   中国青年网

项目进行中,团队成员多次到深山老林寻找其踪迹。去年夏天发现,它的栖息地一直延伸至秦岭南侧的陕西佛坪自然保护区一带。这也打破了此前该蛇的分布区划定,将其大为扩展。

研究陕西野外观测的标本照片后发现,横斑锦蛇的陕西种群,体背横斑条数较四川种群稀少。“说来有趣,陕西秦岭的大熊猫种群跟四川的也不一样。”丁利认为,形态学特征表明,横斑锦蛇已形成了四川和陕西两个特征鲜明的局域种群,“这究竟是生活环境差异还是遗传漂变导致,还不得而知。”

这次发现也证实了此前的推论:横斑锦蛇与大熊猫的分布区域高度重叠。

“它生活的地方,几乎都是野生大熊猫的栖息地。”丁利认为,关于横斑锦蛇和大熊猫的同域分布,以及分布格局是否有相似的演化历史等,还有更多谜待解。不过,作为一个生态环境的指示物种,横斑锦蛇的存在,可视作大熊猫栖息地生态优良的佐证。

“拯救和延续一个濒危物种,其意义不仅在于物种的多样性保护。”相关专家表示,深入研究横斑锦蛇,有助于了解近缘种的分化和物种形成机制。作为跟大熊猫同域分布的特有濒危物种,研究横斑锦蛇,有助于了解濒危物种的分布格局。

作为我国特有珍稀濒危爬行动物,横斑锦蛇的人工繁育具有“里程碑”意义,它打破了我国珍稀蛇类全由外国人率先繁育成功的惯例。此前,玉斑锦蛇和莽山烙铁头这两种具有国际知名度的中国蛇类,被德国、俄罗斯、美国等国的动物园和科研机构率先人工繁育成功。

C

“雅女蛇”的未来

人工繁育只是摆脱濒危的第一步,原住民应加强保护意识

2000年,横斑锦蛇被列入《国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物名录》,随后被列为中国极危动物和四川省重点保护野生动物,2014年又被收录到《中国脊椎动物红色名录》中,被列为濒危物种。

但在业务主管部门和专家眼中,人工繁育只是它摆脱濒危的第一步。

“对横斑锦蛇开展资源调查和保护生物学研究具有前瞻性,但还有很长的路要走。”省林业厅相关负责人表示,人工繁育取得突破性进展,并不代表横斑锦蛇已完全脱离危险境地。“濒危不濒危,要看栖息地是否稳定,野生种群是否稳定。”

丁利认为,横斑锦蛇虽然濒危且珍稀,但和其它多数爬行动物一样,并没有得到人类主动的保护。

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