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菜价低了 保险来赔

2017-08-24 05:21:36   中国青年网

为市场“兜底”有喜也有忧

今年春节过后,猪肉价格一直低位运行,在生猪生产大省四川,诸多农户因此遭受了巨大损失。

为防范市场风险,2014年四川开始试点生猪价格指数险,探索利用保险手段分散和转移市场价格波动风险,熨平“猪周期”,促进生猪产业平稳健康发展。

试点3年来,四川生猪价格指数保费规模从最初的几百万元增加到上亿元,承保生猪数量从几万头增加到百万头,试点区域从成都平原核心经济区逐步向丘陵山区辐射扩展。

然而,面对起伏不定的市场,生猪价格保险创新仍有不少问题待解。

根据保成本的保险原则,反映养殖盈亏平衡点的“猪粮比”被普遍视为理赔的重要依据。看似科学合理的专业方案,在推行时却遇到了难题。

“跌破了‘猪粮比’,一头能赔多少钱?”面对养殖户的疑问,理赔人员却很难简单解释清楚。因为,其中涉及复杂的计算模块。

针对这一问题,成都市、自贡市的8个区(县)与理赔保险公司合作开展试点,引入生猪市场历史数据和其他变量科学建模,经过反复测算,确定初始保险价格,创新推出以生猪出栏价格作为理赔触发参数的生猪价格指数保险。

然而,随着试点的不断推进,保险公司、投保养殖户、政府三方却仍然存有担忧。

“相比自然风险,生猪价格指数保险所保障的市场风险有更大的不确定性,更容易出现巨灾风险和超额赔付。”理赔保险公司负责人王雪梅说。

保险资金来源则成为养殖户最大的顾虑。去年底,成都市新津县永商镇地丰家庭农场主凌东为2400头生猪购买了价格指数险,按照补贴政策,他只需要承担保费的30%,其余由省、市、县三级财政承担。“行情好,养猪能赚钱的时候不是问题,但若遇上熊市,本来现金流就吃紧,哪还有钱买保险?”凌东说。

如何完善农产品价格保险政策

专家指出,我国农产品价格保险发展过程中依然存在一些难点,包括财政补贴不足、保障价格如何确定、巨灾分摊机制未能有效建立、信息共享机制尚未建立等。

农产品价格指数保险具有风险集中性特点,要么全部不出险,要么集中全部出险。业内人士建议,在发展中特别需要解决巨额补贴资金筹措与巨灾风险防控问题。

“为此,要建立多层次、多手段的大灾风险分担机制,并借助有效的再保险设计优化政府对农业保险的介入方式。”国务院发展研究中心金融研究所研究员田辉指出,目前农业保险的许多补贴政策还没有完全落实到位,财政资金的使用效率还有待提高,未来应从落实存量政策、争取增量政策、开源节流、向新型农业经营主体倾斜、加强审计监督等多方面着手,充分挖掘财政资金潜力,改善补贴效率,带来更大的杠杆效应,让补贴政策为价格保险的创新发展提供坚实基础。

首都经济贸易大学教授庹国柱认为,农产品价格类保险发展风险较高,从全球范围看,只有美国的生猪价格保险较为完善,前提是美国生猪价格保险是以期货市场价格为准,可以实现风险分散。但国内农产品期货市场整体交易产品品种偏少、交易量不大,保险市场很难通过期货市场对冲风险。

“未来应通过消除法律障碍和监管障碍、鼓励产品创新等方式,促进农产品价格保险与期货市场形成有效对接,帮助保险公司更好地进行风险对冲。”田辉说。

(本报记者 李慧)

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