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启智珠心算 对传统文化的深情传承

2017-08-23 09:31:47   央广网

“从筹算到珠算,再到珠心算,这是珠算发展中的一个更高级的层次。了解珠算,可以吸引更多的人加入到弘扬与保护珠算文化的行列中来。”王朝才认为。

王朝才介绍,中国珠算心算协会申请了“珠心算教育开发儿童智力潜能的脑机制研究”的研究课题,并由浙江大学、中国科技大学组成的联合课题组开展研究。实验数据显示,“珠心算对儿童的注意力、记忆力、阅读能力和思维能力都有显著的正面作用”。

“作为计算工具,珠算与现代计算机无法比拟,但它依然在现代教学中有着自己独特的意义,比如弘扬传统文化,提高文化自信。再比如,对儿童来说,珠算需要手脑协调。在某种程度上,算盘也可以是一件很好玩的玩具,引发孩子们的兴趣。”北京师范大学数学系教授曹一鸣认为。

珠心算,从神算子到普及启智

“一上一,一下五去四,一去九进一;二上二,二下五去三,二去八进一……”曾经,人们不断记诵着珠算的种种口诀。直到20世纪90年代,珠算还是我国小学数学教学大纲中的一项内容。在2001年教育部颁发的《义务教育数学课程标准(实验稿)》中,珠算被取消,2011年重新修订后增加了“用算盘上的算珠表示三位数”。

“珠算重新回归到必修课,还不太现实,但通过校本课程、兴趣小组,在部分学生中开展是可行的,也是值得倡导的。”曹一鸣说。

珠算作为我国优秀传统文化,被列入联合国“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”,而珠心算正是最佳的传承载体。因此,珠心算再次进入幼儿课堂、纳入小学校本教材。

走过寒潮,这次回归是新的重生,迎来了新的发展契机。今年7月,江苏省教育厅和财政厅联合发布通知,决定自今年9月起,确定120所小学为江苏省第二批珠心算教育实验学校。在浙江慈溪,曾专门出台《关于重振珠心算事业打造特色文化教育品牌的若干意见》,从教学模式创新、激励机制强化等方面,有力推动珠心算的发展。

“时代在变,珠心算也在与时俱进,从以算制胜的‘神算子’时代,转向以增强儿童记忆力、注意力、思维能力与表象能力为目标的启智时代。”经历起起伏伏,浙江慈溪市教育局教研室教研员周利民深有体会。

不再追求计算功能的强化,而是突出益智功能的彰显。周利民介绍,珠心算教学理念的变化体现在实践上,就是要相应降低运算训练的比重,转而增加双手拨珠训练、珠像记忆训练等新的训练方式,有意识地强化孩子的记忆力、注意力等;协调听心算、看心算等多种心算任务配置,促进儿童对语言与视觉空间综合策略的运用,加快“脑珠像”的形成,并以各个脑区在数字认知加工中的协同参与,刺激脑区白质间高强度连接的生成。

对幼儿园小朋友来说,珠算像一件玩具。在浙江慈溪天元幼儿园,教师们研发了一套潜能珠心算操作材料包及配套课程,引导孩子遵循从实物到表象再到符号的过程,建立数量关系。孩子们可以边玩边学。

更让人惊喜的是,浙江鸣鹤小学,从20世纪70年代末开始珠心算教学实验,一直坚持到现在。因为这一特色,这所原本不起眼的乡村小学成了远近闻名的学校。

现实中,珠心算如何更好地发展,基层学校还面临不少难题:珠心算教学与数学课堂教学如何有机有效整合,珠心算教学中如何继续保持中高年级学生的学习兴趣,珠心算教学与现代教育技术如何更有效地结合和开发……

“这需要人们更多地达成共识,共同寻找答案。”王朝才表示。(本报记者 靳晓燕)

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