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安哥拉23日举行大选 连续执政38年总统将卸任

2017-08-23 09:27:17   国际在线

多斯桑托斯

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 朱宛玲):8月23日,南部非洲国家安哥拉即将举行独立以来的第四次大选。本次大选最令人瞩目之处在于,已经连续执政38年之久的安哥拉总统多斯桑托斯将在本次大选后从总统职位上退下。

尽管按照安哥拉2010年通过的宪法,多斯桑托斯还可以再干一个五年的任期,但即将满75岁的他选择了从总统位置上退下。不止如此,目前仍保留了执政党安哥拉人民解放运动党主席一职的多斯桑托斯曾表示过,将在2018年“退出积极的政治生活”。

已经干得足够久,并且还可以干得更久的多斯桑托斯为何选择逐步退出政坛?他的健康状况是最重要的原因。在安哥拉生活多年的安哥拉事务观察员周效国介绍说:“2011年到2017年,多斯桑托斯连续7年前往西班牙进行‘私人访问’。而这种私人访问出发时不会公布在西班牙停留时间,返回后也不会披露行程。尤其值得注意的是,在2016年和2017年,他在年内都两次前往西班牙进行‘私人访问’。2017年尽管是大选之年,更是在5月和7月前往西班牙。其中5月份停留了一整月。5月30日安哥拉外长对外透露,总统确实在西班牙接受治疗,但他也表示总统健康状况良好,会很快返回。”

身体原因之外,社科院西亚非洲研究所助理研究员周瑾燕认为,多斯桑托斯卸任总统还同执政党安人运的通盘考虑有关:“石油价格下降后,安哥拉国内经济增速只有4%,在这个情况下,物价上涨严重,失业率高,民众对安人运怨声载道,石油财富大部分掌握在总统家族与精英手中,这种情况下如果继续连任,民怨会更加沸腾。不当总统至少有种变化,是一种政治姿态。”

如无意外,执政党安人运将在本次大选中继续保持议会第一大党的地位,而其推出的第一候选人,安哥拉前国防部长洛伦索,将成为安哥拉新总统。但这位新总统上台后,能有多大的施政空间,外界依然充满疑问:经济上,多斯桑托斯的大女儿伊莎贝尔•多斯桑托斯执掌着安哥拉经济的命脉——安哥拉国家石油公司,他的大儿子则是安哥拉主权财富基金的掌门人;而政治上,多斯桑托斯也为自己铺好了后路。周瑾燕介绍说:“前不久安哥拉议会通过新法律,保证多斯桑托斯总统做出的一些决定,在他不再担任总统之后不会改变。这里面最重要的是一些人事安排。多斯桑托斯在一些要害部门安插了他的人,新总统上台后一时半会儿没法改变这个现实,肯定会受到很多限制。”

但在英国皇家国际事务研究所非洲事务研究员万恩斯看来,即便多斯桑托斯本人仍将留任安人运主席,仍将会对安哥拉政治施加影响,但本次大选依然具有重要的意义,将是安哥拉政治的一个分水岭,“虽然短期来看他仍将是安人运的主席,但长期来看安人运的权力结构将发生变化,党的影响力在加强,而个人的影响将减弱。对于安哥拉人民来说,这是激动人心的时刻。”

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