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[我的山水乡愁]沙漠里藏着他们的参考文献

2017-08-23 08:59:22   央广网

茫茫荒漠,有人当作风景,有人觉得乏味。

对于沙坡头站的研究人员,这大漠像是他们的参考文献和论文纸。站长李新荣曾说过,从事野外生态学研究的人,论文不仅要发表在杂志上,还要写在广袤的大地上。胡宜刚说:“我们出去了3辆车,十几个人,去好几天。”

第一次到沙坡头站时,站里人不多。胡宜刚说有团队去野外考察了。回想起以往他自己“出”野外时,他说碰上过不少意外情况,“内蒙古河套地区我们有次也是7、8月份去调查水质、土壤、植物这些。我们每条沟都要去跑到,要监测几个断面。那里面臭水沟,蚊子相当多。印象最深的是乌梁素海,非常容易滋生蚊子,我们去了以后,整个就是被蚊子撵出来的。太厉害了,它就扎进去。大家都穿了长裤、牛仔裤,它就扎进去,你把它头拔掉,它也不会出来。”

夏天,顶着日头去实验田里的时候,他们会戴上一顶草帽。

出野外,穿着冲锋衣,脚踩运动鞋,背着双肩包,手拎观测仪也是研究人员的统一造型。

几天后,这次带队的沙坡头站副站长、研究员张志山一行人,又回到了站里。这次野外考察,他们横穿沙漠一次,纵穿两次,“就喝这矿泉水,一口气一瓶子,根本看不见汗。等着过一阵冒凉,摸脸上一层盐。真是极端,衣服穿出去,晚上看都是白斑。水分补给很大,一个人一天就得一提,24瓶水。”

住在附近的百姓会把沙坡头沙漠研究试验站直接叫成“治沙站”。

如今沙坡头治沙已见成效。但是,每年3月到11月,沙坡头站开站期间,大部分研究人员还是会常驻站里进行试验、观测,撰写论文或野外考察。这个周期,他们的家人不论愿不愿意,也都已熟悉。

一批批研究人员从固沙开始,希望能够更了解沙漠与沙漠和谐共生。张志山说,腾格里和巴丹吉林沙漠最有名是里面海子特别多,如果大面积造林,地下水位补给就没了,“固沙之后把这水分用完了,还有过渡利用。我们现在做的是180mm降水条件下,每年有40mm的水分要补给到地下水,是雨水的转化。如果大面积造林,这湖泊肯定完全消逝。不见得是好事情。有些物种选得不合适的时候,它实际是种灾害。”

胡宜刚说,2000年左右时,沙坡头站能拿到一两项国家自然科学基金项目,现在,不一样了,“国家支持力度不一样,一项两项还可以。但是现在每年能拿到差不多5项。不一样,体量就不一样了。”

今年,一套新的水分观测设备正在实验田里施工安装,“前面不是看了6个么,这次装了36个。目的就是要控制降水,而且要加同位素进行标的,到底植物的水分来自哪里……”

沙坡头站的实验地里,最年长的植被有60岁,最年轻的10多岁。

它们站在沙地里,看一项项研究进行,站在这里陪人类一起读懂沙漠。

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