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组图:“科学”号探索未知之域!快来看这些深海稀客

2017-08-23 08:59:17   中国青年网

偕老同穴:象征永恒爱情的海绵

偕老同穴是什么?拗口的名字寓意永恒的爱情,其实它是一种海绵。“发现”号在本航次中采集到了多个偕老同穴海绵,它们拥有非常精致的白色网状身体,有的表面还有刺,在西方也被称作“维纳斯的花篮”。在一些地方,其标本被作为结婚礼物,祝福新人白头偕老。

偕老同穴海绵的名称和一种称为“俪虾”的小虾有关,这种虾小而纤弱,它们在很小时,常一雌一雄从海绵小孔中钻入,生活在里面既安全又能得到食物,随着小虾长大,它们在海绵体内再也出不来,成对相伴直至寿终,因此人们把这种海绵称为偕老同穴。

“海绵宝宝”的卡通形象深受小朋友喜爱,其实海绵一般都是固着在海底,不像动画片中的“海绵宝宝”能到处跑。海绵是最原始的多细胞动物,6亿年前就已经生活在海洋里,至今已发展到1万多种,有一个庞大的“家族”。

这是“发现”号遥控无人潜水器采集到的海蛇尾(8月20日摄)。新华社记者 张旭东 摄

海蛇尾:“断腕”求自保

五条长长的“尾巴”有的前伸,有的拖后,像蠕虫弯曲蠕动,又像蛇蜿蜒前行,这就是海蛇尾,这五个“尾巴”其实是海蛇尾的腕。

海蛇尾有2000多种,是棘皮动物中种类最多的一类。它有细而脆的腕,在受到攻击或感到有危险时,很容易将部分腕甚至整个腕断掉,以此吸引天敌的注意力,然后乘机逃走,而它失去的腕可以再生。

和海蛇尾有同样断腕本领的还有海星,“发现”号本航次中也采集到了多只海星。

这是“发现”号遥控无人潜水器采集到的柱星螅,是水螅虫类的珊瑚(8月15日摄)。新华社记者 张旭东 摄

柱星螅:主要负责“美”

外形似一把精美的扇子,身体像树木一样,有一根主干,旁生出很多枝杈,枝杈呈现的花纹又好像是能工巧匠的雕刻之作。它的主体是很多女士都喜欢的粉色,顶端则是纯洁的白色,像一名优雅的“女士”伫立在卡罗琳海山上。

这是“发现”号采集到的一个柱星螅,是水螅虫类的珊瑚,在世界各大洋均有分布,目前已发现260多种。它虽然不是珠宝级的珊瑚,但却是深海珊瑚的重要一员,为其他鱼类和无脊椎动物提供栖息地。它对人类的主要用途就是观赏,主要负责“美”。

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