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警惕以PPP形式变相扩大地方政府债务
2017-08-22 05:21:50 中国青年网
应该指出的是,PPP模式本身是一种新的经济合作方式,是政府投资和财政管理的一项重大改革,是适合公益性基础设施投入和管理的。在我国经济发展由过去高速增长逐步趋向中高速稳定增长的情况下,采用PPP等方式对于政府统筹社会资源、加快公共服务基础设施建设能够起到重要的弥补作用。但由于PPP是较新的一种融资模式,目前社会对PPP的运作方式还不是很清晰,各项监管还不到位,因此政府变相举债行为在PPP形式掩盖下较为隐蔽。如果不严格控制和审核,其盲目扩张对地方财政带来的危害和风险程度将大幅增加。如PPP项目以固定收益为条件,定期由政府回购,将形成政府未来年限的刚性支出,类似于到期债务,会对未来几年政府的支出带来较大冲击。此外,不受控制和约束的社会资本融资能力,会激发政府新一轮的投资积极性,对经济的刺激也将呈现出无序化状态,进而影响社会资源的合理配置。
因此,建议相关部门警惕和防范地方政府违规变相举债,通过建章立制,对PPP项目、基金项目等政府融资方式切实予以规范和核查。一是制定PPP项目审查评估机制。在审查内容上,PPP协议不得规定政府回购以及出资人最低收益条款。在审查程序上,所有政府与社会资本合作项目,都必须经过政府财政部门审核把关,避免政府签订协议后,给未来年限带来巨大财政支出缺口。二是从严审批公益性建设项目立项。各级政府相关部门应综合平衡本地区公益性基础设施布局,按规划严格审批公益性基础设施建设项目,避免一哄而上导致的重复建设。特别是要做好项目前期的可行性研究,向社会资本提供准确的投资回报预期,遵循自愿原则开展与社会资本的合作。三是推进PPP项目公开。PPP项目批准实施后要及时向社会公开,接受社会监督。四是加大对现有已实施PPP项目的核查。对符合政府与社会资本合作规范的项目要加大政策支付和扶持力度,对假借PPP名义实行变相举借债务的要及时督促整改,防范形成新的不可控风险。五是要加快推进中期财政规划。对各级政府利用PPP项目形成的公益性投资需要在以后年度通过购买服务实现其公益作用的,应列入中期财政规划,并与年度预算相衔接,以实现收支平衡、安排有度。
(作者:宋旭 单位:西北大学经济管理学院)
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